Sexual Self
Page 1: Biological Basis of Sex
Introduction to the biological basis of human sexual development and characteristics.
Page 2: Misconceptions About Sex
Discussion on common misconceptions related to sex, highlighting the importance of understanding sexual health.
Page 3: Unpacking the Self - The Sexual Self
Exploration of the concept of the sexual self and its development through various stages.
Page 4: Foundations of Sexual Development
Overview of Sexual Development: All humans experience sexual development starting in the womb.
Biological Component: Determined by primary sex characteristics.
Primary Sex Characteristics: Anatomical traits necessary for reproduction (e.g., reproductive organs).
Secondary Sex Characteristics: Physical traits influenced by hormones but not essential for reproduction.
Page 5: Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics
Males
Chromosomes: XY
Primary Sex Characteristics: Testes
Hormones: Androgens
Secondary Sex Characteristics:
Deep voice
Facial hair
Increased muscle mass
Females
Chromosomes: XX
Primary Sex Characteristics: Ovaries
Hormones: Estrogens
Secondary Sex Characteristics:
Breast development
Widening of hips
Page 6: Puberty
Definition: Stage of sexual maturation.
Growth Prediction: Sequence of changes predictable; timing varies individually.
Page 7: Puberty in Boys
Body and Voice Changes:
Growth spurts in arms, legs, hands, and feet before overall body size changes.
Voice deepening.
Genital Changes: Penis lengthening and thickening, testicular growth.
Erections: Increase due to hormonal changes.
Hair Development: Hair appears under arms, on legs, face, and pubic region.
Page 8: Continued Changes in Boys During Puberty
Skin Changes: Increased oiliness, sweating, body odor.
Body Shape Changes: Height and breadth increase.
Sperm Production: Initiation of sperm production and potential for nocturnal emissions (wet dreams).
Page 9: Puberty in Girls
Body Changes: Growth in arms, legs, hands, and feet before overall development.
Hair Growth: Develops in pubic and underarm regions.
Skin Changes: Increased oiliness and sweating, potential for acne.
Page 10: Menstruation and Development in Girls
Menstruation: Typically begins between ages 9-14.
Ovarian Changes: Release of eggs from ovaries, uterine lining thickening.
Body Shape Changes: Wider hips, smaller waist, weight gain.
Breast Development: Asymmetrical breast growth is common during early puberty.
Page 11: Understanding Physical Changes During Sex
Overview of physiological changes occurring during sexual activity.
Page 12: Sexual Response
Introduction to the human sexual response cycle and its implications.
Page 13: The Human Sexual Response Cycle
Sexual Response Cycle Defined: Series of physical and emotional changes during sexual activity.
Pioneering Research: Masters and Johnson's four-stage model, emphasizing differences in experience between genders.
Page 14: Stages of the Human Sexual Response Cycle
Stage 1: Excitement
Initial physical arousal.
Stage 2: Plateau
Increased sexual arousal, preparation for intercourse.
Stage 3: Orgasm
Shortest phase, ejaculation in males, vaginal contractions in females.
Stage 4: Resolution
Return to normal arousal levels, men experience a refractory period.
Page 15: Phase 1 - Excitement
Characteristics: Muscle tension, increased heart rate, skin flushing, preparation for sexual activity, and genital swelling.
Page 16: Phase 2 - Plateau
Intensification of changes from Phase 1, increased sensitivity and muscle tension, readiness for orgasm.
Page 17: Phase 3 - Orgasm
Climax of sexual response, involuntary muscle contractions, and release of sexual tension.
Page 18: Phase 4 - Resolution
Body returns to its pre-arousal state, marked by relaxation and potential for multiple orgasms in women. Men require recovery time.
Page 19: Sex and the Brain
The brain's role in sexual activities, sensation processing, and emotional responses.
Page 20: Brain Functions in Sexual Activity
Pleasure Translation: Nerve impulses transformed into sensations.
Nerve and Muscle Control: Coordination of bodily responses during sexual activity.
Sexual Thoughts: Located in the cerebral cortex and limbic system, important for emotional engagement.
Page 21: Hormonal Contributions to Sexual Activity
Hypothalamus: Key brain area for sexual function, regulating hormones released by the pituitary gland.
Page 22: Key Hormones in Sexual Activity
List of Important Hormones
Oxytocin: Promotes bonding and intimacy.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates ovulation in women.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Essential for testosterone production in men.
Vasopressin: Linked to male arousal and sexual motivation.
Estrogen & Progesterone: Influence female sexual motivation.
Page 23: Chemistry of Lust, Love, and Attachment
Introduction to the three stages based on Helen Fisher's model: Attachment, Attraction, and Lust.
Page 24: Attraction Stage
Defined by physical attraction and the desire for seduction.
Page 26: Chemicals Influencing Attraction
Norepinephrine: Increases energy and urgency.
Dopamine: Drives motivation and excitement in relationships.
Serotonin: Low levels often found in the presence of love.
Page 27: Attachment Phase
Involves oxytocin and vasopressin, enhancing long-term bonds and commitment.
Page 28: Psychological Aspects of Sexual Desire
Sexual Desire: Interest in sexual interaction, can be triggered by various stimuli.
Distinction between sexual desire and sex drive.
Page 29: Influences on Sexual Desire
Factors affecting gender differences: culture, social environment, and political contexts.
Observations of visual interest in men vs. tactile orientation in women.
Page 30: Issues and Challenges of the Sexual Self
Reflect on challenges individuals face regarding their sexual identity and the biological understanding of sexual self.
Page 31: Diversity of Sexual Behavior Part 2
Overview of diverse sexual behaviors and their biological bases.
Page 33: Sex Versus Gender
Definitions:
Sex: Biological differences.
Gender: Social/cultural differences.
Impacts on roles and relationships.
Page 34: LGBTQ+ Terms and Definitions
Clarification of various sexual orientations, including Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, etc.
Page 35: Understanding Sexual Orientation
Distinction between homosexuality (same-sex attraction) and heterosexuality (opposite-sex attraction).
Page 36: Biological Factors in Homosexuality
Discusses inconclusive research regarding biological causes of sexual orientation.
Page 37: Family Dynamics and Sexual Orientation
Analysis of how family upbringing influences sexual orientation. Evidence challenges psychoanalytic views on parent-child relationships.
Page 38: Learning Theory
Consideration of how learning theory explains sexual orientation, noting limitations of this perspective.
Page 39: Urbanization and Homosexuality
Correlation between urban settings and the expression of homosexual behavior, more pronounced in men.
Page 40: Challenges in Understanding Sexual Orientation
No single cause for sexual orientation; a combination of biological and environmental factors likely exists.
Page 41: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)
Overview of STDs, definition, and transmission methods.
Page 44: Understanding STIs
Definition: Infections acquired through sexual contact, transmitted via bodily fluids.
Page 45: Nonsexual Transmission of STIs
Discusses transmission routes outside sexual activity, including mother-to-infant.
Page 47: Chlamydia
Description: Most common bacterial STD; symptoms may not appear for weeks.
Symptoms: Painful urination, discharge, genital sores.
Page 49: Gonorrhea
Description: Bacterial infection affecting sexual organs; can lead to infertility.
Symptoms: Painful urination, discharge, potential skin rashes.
Page 51: Herpes
Description: Viral infection from HSV, spread through physical contact.
Symptoms: Itchy/painful blisters; lifelong presence of the virus.
Page 53: Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Description: Virus causing warts; potential to lead to cancer.
Transmission: Skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity.
Page 55: Syphilis
Description: Serious bacterial infection with several phases.
Symptoms: Ulcers in early stage; could lead to severe health problems if untreated.
Page 57: Hepatitis B
Description: Viral liver infection.
Symptoms: Jaundice, fatigue, nausea.
Page 59: HIV/AIDS
Description: Virus causing immunodeficiency; leads to AIDS over time.
Transmission: Through bodily fluids during unprotected sex.
Page 61: HIV Situation in the Philippines
Overview of the increasing trend of HIV cases in the country; factors and risks involved.
Page 63: Risky Behaviors for HIV
Identifies behaviors that elevate risk of HIV infection, including unprotected sex and needle sharing.
Page 67: Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health
Focus on policies related to family planning and reproductive health; significance in public health.
Page 68: RH Law in the Philippines
Overview of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012; guarantees access to reproductive health services.
Page 69: Goals of RH Law
Objectives to reduce maternal mortality and improve access to reproductive health services.
Page 70: Family Planning Overview
Describes family planning as determining the number and spacing of children through responsible practices.
Page 71: Importance of Family Planning
Highlights the role of family planning in improving maternal health and preventing unwanted pregnancies.
Page 73: Benefits of Family Planning (WHO)
Lists advantages of family planning, including health risk reduction and empowerment.
Page 75: Advantages for Fathers in Family Planning
Discusses benefits of family planning for men, including health improvements and better family support.
Page 77: Types of Family Planning Methods
Natural Family Planning
Educational methods focusing on recognizing fertile and non-fertile periods.
Hormonal Contraception
Discusses medical methods that prevent ovulation and conception.
Page 79: Natural Family Planning Techniques
Periodic Abstinence: Understanding fertile days to avoid pregnancy.
BBT Monitoring: Tracking temperature changes for fertility indication.
Cervical Mucus Method: Identifying ovulation through mucus changes.
Page 81: Additional Natural Methods
Lactation Amenorrhea Method: Utilizing breastfeeding for temporary contraception.
Coitus Interruptus: Withdrawal method; effectiveness and challenges discussed.
Page 85: Hormonal Contraception Methods
Overview of various hormonal contraceptive methods including oral pills, patches, injections, and implants with pros and cons.
Page 89: Surgical Methods of Family Planning
Vasectomy and Tubal Ligation: Permanent methods of contraception for men and women.
Page 98: Effectiveness of Contraceptive Methods
Comparative effectiveness of family planning methods; emphasis on the significance of selecting an appropriate method.
Page 99: Most Effective Method
Emphasis on abstinence as the only 100% effective method of contraception.
Page 100: Freedom through Abstinence
Highlights the benefits of choosing abstinence, including emotional, social, and health-related aspects.