Sexual Self

Page 1: Biological Basis of Sex

• Introduction to the biological basis of human sexual development and characteristics.

Page 2: Misconceptions About Sex

• Discussion on common misconceptions related to sex, highlighting the importance of understanding sexual health.

Page 3: Unpacking the Self - The Sexual Self

• Exploration of the concept of the sexual self and its development through various stages.

Page 4: Foundations of Sexual Development

• Overview of Sexual Development: All humans experience sexual development starting in the womb.

• Biological Component: Determined by primary sex characteristics.

• Primary Sex Characteristics: Anatomical traits necessary for reproduction (e.g., reproductive organs).

• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Physical traits influenced by hormones but not essential for reproduction.

Page 5: Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics

Males

• Chromosomes: XY

• Primary Sex Characteristics: Testes

• Hormones: Androgens

• Secondary Sex Characteristics:

  • Deep voice

  • Facial hair

  • Increased muscle mass

Females

• Chromosomes: XX

• Primary Sex Characteristics: Ovaries

• Hormones: Estrogens

• Secondary Sex Characteristics:

  • Breast development

  • Widening of hips

Page 6: Puberty

• Definition: Stage of sexual maturation.

• Growth Prediction: Sequence of changes predictable; timing varies individually.

Page 7: Puberty in Boys

• Body and Voice Changes:

  • Growth spurts in arms, legs, hands, and feet before overall body size changes.

  • Voice deepening.

• Genital Changes: Penis lengthening and thickening, testicular growth.

• Erections: Increase due to hormonal changes.

• Hair Development: Hair appears under arms, on legs, face, and pubic region.

Page 8: Continued Changes in Boys During Puberty

• Skin Changes: Increased oiliness, sweating, body odor.

• Body Shape Changes: Height and breadth increase.

• Sperm Production: Initiation of sperm production and potential for nocturnal emissions (wet dreams).

Page 9: Puberty in Girls

• Body Changes: Growth in arms, legs, hands, and feet before overall development.

• Hair Growth: Develops in pubic and underarm regions.

• Skin Changes: Increased oiliness and sweating, potential for acne.

Page 10: Menstruation and Development in Girls

• Menstruation: Typically begins between ages 9-14.

• Ovarian Changes: Release of eggs from ovaries, uterine lining thickening.

• Body Shape Changes: Wider hips, smaller waist, weight gain.

• Breast Development: Asymmetrical breast growth is common during early puberty.

Page 11: Understanding Physical Changes During Sex

• Overview of physiological changes occurring during sexual activity.

Page 12: Sexual Response

• Introduction to the human sexual response cycle and its implications.

Page 13: The Human Sexual Response Cycle

• Sexual Response Cycle Defined: Series of physical and emotional changes during sexual activity.

• Pioneering Research: Masters and Johnson's four-stage model, emphasizing differences in experience between genders.

Page 14: Stages of the Human Sexual Response Cycle

Stage 1: Excitement

• Initial physical arousal.

Stage 2: Plateau

• Increased sexual arousal, preparation for intercourse.

Stage 3: Orgasm

• Shortest phase, ejaculation in males, vaginal contractions in females.

Stage 4: Resolution

• Return to normal arousal levels, men experience a refractory period.

Page 15: Phase 1 - Excitement

• Characteristics: Muscle tension, increased heart rate, skin flushing, preparation for sexual activity, and genital swelling.

Page 16: Phase 2 - Plateau

• Intensification of changes from Phase 1, increased sensitivity and muscle tension, readiness for orgasm.

Page 17: Phase 3 - Orgasm

• Climax of sexual response, involuntary muscle contractions, and release of sexual tension.

Page 18: Phase 4 - Resolution

• Body returns to its pre-arousal state, marked by relaxation and potential for multiple orgasms in women. Men require recovery time.

Page 19: Sex and the Brain

• The brain's role in sexual activities, sensation processing, and emotional responses.

Page 20: Brain Functions in Sexual Activity

• Pleasure Translation: Nerve impulses transformed into sensations.

• Nerve and Muscle Control: Coordination of bodily responses during sexual activity.

• Sexual Thoughts: Located in the cerebral cortex and limbic system, important for emotional engagement.

Page 21: Hormonal Contributions to Sexual Activity

• Hypothalamus: Key brain area for sexual function, regulating hormones released by the pituitary gland.

Page 22: Key Hormones in Sexual Activity

List of Important Hormones

• Oxytocin: Promotes bonding and intimacy.

• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates ovulation in women.

• Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Essential for testosterone production in men.

• Vasopressin: Linked to male arousal and sexual motivation.

• Estrogen & Progesterone: Influence female sexual motivation.

Page 23: Chemistry of Lust, Love, and Attachment

• Introduction to the three stages based on Helen Fisher's model: Attachment, Attraction, and Lust.

Page 24: Attraction Stage

• Defined by physical attraction and the desire for seduction.

Page 26: Chemicals Influencing Attraction

• Norepinephrine: Increases energy and urgency.

• Dopamine: Drives motivation and excitement in relationships.

• Serotonin: Low levels often found in the presence of love.

Page 27: Attachment Phase

• Involves oxytocin and vasopressin, enhancing long-term bonds and commitment.

Page 28: Psychological Aspects of Sexual Desire

• Sexual Desire: Interest in sexual interaction, can be triggered by various stimuli.

• Distinction between sexual desire and sex drive.

Page 29: Influences on Sexual Desire

• Factors affecting gender differences: culture, social environment, and political contexts.

• Observations of visual interest in men vs. tactile orientation in women.

Page 30: Issues and Challenges of the Sexual Self

• Reflect on challenges individuals face regarding their sexual identity and the biological understanding of sexual self.

Page 31: Diversity of Sexual Behavior Part 2

• Overview of diverse sexual behaviors and their biological bases.

Page 33: Sex Versus Gender

• Definitions:

  • Sex: Biological differences.

  • Gender: Social/cultural differences.

  • Impacts on roles and relationships.

Page 34: LGBTQ+ Terms and Definitions

• Clarification of various sexual orientations, including Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, etc.

Page 35: Understanding Sexual Orientation

• Distinction between homosexuality (same-sex attraction) and heterosexuality (opposite-sex attraction).

Page 36: Biological Factors in Homosexuality

• Discusses inconclusive research regarding biological causes of sexual orientation.

Page 37: Family Dynamics and Sexual Orientation

• Analysis of how family upbringing influences sexual orientation. Evidence challenges psychoanalytic views on parent-child relationships.

Page 38: Learning Theory

• Consideration of how learning theory explains sexual orientation, noting limitations of this perspective.

Page 39: Urbanization and Homosexuality

• Correlation between urban settings and the expression of homosexual behavior, more pronounced in men.

Page 40: Challenges in Understanding Sexual Orientation

• No single cause for sexual orientation; a combination of biological and environmental factors likely exists.

Page 41: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

• Overview of STDs, definition, and transmission methods.

Page 44: Understanding STIs

• Definition: Infections acquired through sexual contact, transmitted via bodily fluids.

Page 45: Nonsexual Transmission of STIs

• Discusses transmission routes outside sexual activity, including mother-to-infant.

Page 47: Chlamydia

• Description: Most common bacterial STD; symptoms may not appear for weeks.

• Symptoms: Painful urination, discharge, genital sores.

Page 49: Gonorrhea

• Description: Bacterial infection affecting sexual organs; can lead to infertility.

• Symptoms: Painful urination, discharge, potential skin rashes.

Page 51: Herpes

• Description: Viral infection from HSV, spread through physical contact.

• Symptoms: Itchy/painful blisters; lifelong presence of the virus.

Page 53: Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

• Description: Virus causing warts; potential to lead to cancer.

• Transmission: Skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity.

Page 55: Syphilis

• Description: Serious bacterial infection with several phases.

• Symptoms: Ulcers in early stage; could lead to severe health problems if untreated.

Page 57: Hepatitis B

• Description: Viral liver infection.

• Symptoms: Jaundice, fatigue, nausea.

Page 59: HIV/AIDS

• Description: Virus causing immunodeficiency; leads to AIDS over time.

• Transmission: Through bodily fluids during unprotected sex.

Page 61: HIV Situation in the Philippines

• Overview of the increasing trend of HIV cases in the country; factors and risks involved.

Page 63: Risky Behaviors for HIV

• Identifies behaviors that elevate risk of HIV infection, including unprotected sex and needle sharing.

Page 67: Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health

• Focus on policies related to family planning and reproductive health; significance in public health.

Page 68: RH Law in the Philippines

• Overview of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012; guarantees access to reproductive health services.

Page 69: Goals of RH Law

• Objectives to reduce maternal mortality and improve access to reproductive health services.

Page 70: Family Planning Overview

• Describes family planning as determining the number and spacing of children through responsible practices.

Page 71: Importance of Family Planning

• Highlights the role of family planning in improving maternal health and preventing unwanted pregnancies.

Page 73: Benefits of Family Planning (WHO)

• Lists advantages of family planning, including health risk reduction and empowerment.

Page 75: Advantages for Fathers in Family Planning

• Discusses benefits of family planning for men, including health improvements and better family support.

Page 77: Types of Family Planning Methods

Natural Family Planning

• Educational methods focusing on recognizing fertile and non-fertile periods.

Hormonal Contraception

• Discusses medical methods that prevent ovulation and conception.

Page 79: Natural Family Planning Techniques

• Periodic Abstinence: Understanding fertile days to avoid pregnancy.

• BBT Monitoring: Tracking temperature changes for fertility indication.

• Cervical Mucus Method: Identifying ovulation through mucus changes.

Page 81: Additional Natural Methods

• Lactation Amenorrhea Method: Utilizing breastfeeding for temporary contraception.

• Coitus Interruptus: Withdrawal method; effectiveness and challenges discussed.

Page 85: Hormonal Contraception Methods

• Overview of various hormonal contraceptive methods including oral pills, patches, injections, and implants with pros and cons.

Page 89: Surgical Methods of Family Planning

• Vasectomy and Tubal Ligation: Permanent methods of contraception for men and women.

Page 98: Effectiveness of Contraceptive Methods

• Comparative effectiveness of family planning methods; emphasis on the significance of selecting an appropriate method.

Page 99: Most Effective Method

• Emphasis on abstinence as the only 100% effective method of contraception.

Page 100: Freedom through Abstinence

• Highlights the benefits of choosing abstinence, including emotional, social, and health-related aspects.