<<**Topics: Vocabulario Unidad 1 Leccion 1, Vocabulario Unidad 1 Leccion 2, Vocabulario Unidad 2 Leccion 1, Vocabulario Unidad 2 Leccion 2, Vocabulario Unidad 3 Leccion 1, Vocabulario Unidad 3 Leccion 2**<< \ __**Present Indicative Verbs:**__ * Regular verbs -- just normal verbs in present tense * Stem-changing verbs (radical verbs) * o → ue * acostar, volver, dormir, acordarse, almorzar, apostarm contar, costar, encontrar, llover, morir, mover, oler, poder, recordar, rogar, sonar, soñar, volar * e → ie * empezar, querrer, sentir, advertir, atravesar, calentar, cerrar, comenzar, convertir, defender, despertar, divertir, , gobernar, herir, pensar, perder, tropezar * e → i * pedir, competir, conseguir, corregir, derretir, despedir, elegir, medir, reír, servir, seguir, sonreír, repetir, vestir * u → ue * jugar * Verbs with irregular first person singular (yo) form * c → zc * Common in verbs whose infinitive ends in -cer or -cir: * acontecer, agradecer, amanecer, aparecer, conducir, crecer, enflaquecerse, enriquecerse, envejecerse, establecer, merecer, nacer, permanecer, producir, reducir, traducir, conocer * appearance of **g** in the **yo** form * caer, traer, decir, hacer, poner, salir, tener, valer, venir * other types of yo form changes * Caber * Yo = quepo * Dar * Yo = doy * Saber * Yo = se (accent on the e) * Ver * Yo = veo * Verbs which add an accent over a final weak vowel * “weak vowels” + i and u * continuar, enviar, actuar, efectuar, graduar, confiar, criar, equiar, vaciar * Diphthongs * diphthongs: formed by a “weak vowel” coming into contact with any other vowel * with most verbs i and u aren’t stem vowels and form diphthongs * copiar, anunviar, apreciar, asociar, cambiar, divorciar, ensuciar, estudiar, iniciar, limpiar, negociar, renunciar * Verbs ending in -uir (not -guir) insert a y except in nosotros and vosotros * huir, construir, contribuir, disminuir, incluir, influir * Irregular verbs * Estar, ser, ir, oler * Orthographic changes * g → j: verbs whose infinitive form ends in -gir, change the g to j before an a or o * dirigir, elegir, corregir, exigir, fingir, surgir * gu → g: verbs whose infinitive form ends in -guir, drop the u before an a or o * distinguir, seguir, conseguir, perseguir * Invariable * has only one form in the present tense * Haber → hay \ | Indicativo | Subjuntivo | |----|----| | REALEXISTS | NOT ALWAYS REAL/NOT SUREMAY NOT EXISTSubjective | \ __**Subjunctive:**__ **Wishes/wants** (querer. Preferir, desear, necesitar, esperar) (has a que before) **Emociones** **Impersonal expresiones** **Recomendaciones** I suggest that you clean your room ….Yo te sugiero que limpies tu cuarto. Recomendar, pedir, sugerir, aconsejar, decir **Duda** doubt Yo dudo que tengamos un dia de nieve. Yo pienso que va a estar bien - to think and believe - not subjunctive Yo dudo que Jacoba haga bien en el examen. No dudo que Jacobo hace bien en el examen **Ojalá**- expression that means I hope (literally means O Allah grant me the……) Ojala que ella vaya a la fiesta. Ojala ella vaya a la fiesta __**Subjunctive conjugations:**__ * Para verbos en -ar * e * es * e * emos * eis (accent on e) * en * Para verbos en -er/-ir * a * as * a * amos * ais (accent on a) * an * Irregular verbs * DAR * De (accent on e) * des * de (accent on e) * demos * deis * den * Ir * Vaya * vayas * Vaya * Vayamos * Vayais (accent on second a) * vayan * Ser * Sea * seas * sea * seamos * Seais (accent on a) * Sean * Haber * Haya * Hayas * Haya * Hayamos * Hayais (accent on second a) * Hayan * Estar * Este (accent on second e) * Estes (accent on second e) * Este (accent on second e) * estemos * esteis (accent on second e) * Esten (accent on second e) * Saber * Sepa * Sepas * Sepa * Sepamos * Sepais (accent on a) * Sepan \ __**Preterite:**__ * irregular verbs * andar, estar, caber, haber, hacer, poder, poner, querer, saber, tener, venir, decri, traer * stem changing vebs * don’t change verbs ending in -ar and -er * ex: pedir, seguir, dormir, sentir * <

Examen Acumulativo