THEO 228: Quiz 3

Theology: intellectual-theoretical component of religious life, traditional Christian definition comes from St. Anselm: 'theology is faith seeking understanding’

Spirituality: experiences and practices of religious living

Neologism: a newly-coined word

Stanza: grouping of lines forming divisions in a poem or hymn

Abecedary: poem, hymn or text arranged alphabetically

Lectio Divina: 'divine reading', contemplative reading of Scripture for spiritual purposes

Triune: three-in-one, as in the Trinity

Lucifer: from Latin for 'Light-Bringer'

Angel: from Greek for 'messenger', came to denote beings created by God to cooperate

with his will and support his action within the creation

Demon: from Greek for 'spirit', a corrupt spirit known for carrying out Satan's will

Abyss: from Greek for 'great depth', used to denote hell

Aes Sidhe: supernatural race inhabiting fairy mounds, people of the mounds

Last Judgement: the belief that Christ will return to judge the living and the dead to decide who goes to heaven or hell

Eschatology: from Greek 'last', study of the end times, last things of history, ultimate destinies of humans

Apocalyptic Literature: from Greek for 'uncovering, revealing', it deals with the revelation of hidden knowledge; the Book of Revelations is also called The Apocalypse

Semiotic: sign-bearing, something that transmits meaning beyond the literal

Incarnational theology: from Latin for 'enfleshment,' theology concerned with and embracing of the material world as revelatory of the divine

Sacramental: transmission of transcendent meaning, experience and reality through material things

Idolatry: mistaken understanding of created reality as divine in and of itself; created things for Christians are holy if they are made and sustained by God but not God themselves

Theophany: from Greek 'god' and 'appearance' refers to a visible manifestation of a deity

Negative Theology: the full reality of God is not available to human experience and understanding, saying that God is not

Mystical Theology: deals with mysteriousness/the unknowability of God, 'mystical' sometimes indicates an inexpressible or transcendent experience of unity with God

Logos: Greek for 'word,' refers to the rational structure of created reality, capitalized it is

the title was given to Jesus

Deification: the transformation of the human person such that they participate in the life of

God as a gift of God (grace), synonyms include divinization and theosis

Reconciliation: restoration of harmonious relationship between a person and God and a person and the Christian community, name of a sacrament recognized in some denominations consisting of confession of sin, performance of penance and reception of forgiveness

Holiness: from Old English for 'whole, uninjured'’ indicates the state of right relationship with God and community constitutes a state of spiritual good health

Penance: disciplinary action prescribed by a confessor and taken on by the one confessing as a sign of effective aid to correct the fault that was confessed, the former name of the scarcement of reconciliation, 'tariff penance,' refers to repeatable confession with the assignation of corrective penitential action

Penitentials: a manual guide for confessors toward effective and appropriate penitential actions for specific kinds of sin

Sin: biblical words meaning 'to miss the mark,' a disordered act that ruptures the sinner's relationship with God/self/others, 'capital sins' are the most serious and lead to dire spiritual consequences (also called 'deadly sin' or 'mortal sin')

Almsgiving: freely giving what is needed to those in need, maybe material like money/food or spiritual like companionship and help with daily tasks

Iconoclastic Controversy: from Greek for image-breakers, the Iconoclastic controversy was constituted by dramatic and sometimes violent expressions of hostility towards the making and use of Christian imagery, 2 distinct periods in the 8th and 9th centuries

Illuminated manuscript: hand-written text decorated with elaborate designs or miniature pictures in brilliant colours, sometimes with the use of gold or silver leaf or paint, a manuscript in book form is called a codex

Scribe: writer or copier of manuscripts and the dedicated room in which scribes worked is called a scriptorium

Folio: a leaf or sheet of a manuscript

Recto: side of a leaf that is to be read first, right-hand page when the book is open

Verso: side of a leaf that is to be read on the second, left-hand page

Script: handwriting style, The main scripts used in the Isles were Insular majuscule and Insular minuscule

Zoomorph: figure in art that has the form of an animal

Initial: manuscript terminology, an enlarged and decorated letter introducing a section of text

Diminuendo: a decorative device used to transition from a large initial to the main script by gradually reducing the height of a few letters following the initial

Chi-Rho Page: aka 'Incarnation Page', a decorated page in Insular Gospel books marking Matthew 1:18 (the start of the story of Jesus' birth)

Colophon: inscription added at the end of a manuscript, explaining authorship and other manufacturing details

Gloss: translation or explanation of a text

Cross-carpet Page: fully-decorated manuscript page so called because of the design's resemblance to an Oriental carpet

Canon tables: concordance device used to indicate which passages are shared and where among the 4 Gospels

Incipit: opening of a manuscript or section of a manuscript, from Latin 'incipere' (to begin)

Smithery: work, craft or workshop of a metalworker

Hoard: aka 'wealth deposits', collections of valuable ancient artifacts intentionally buried in the ground due to social or political unrest

Detectorist: amateur treasure hunter

Pectoral cross: pendant cross, worn on the chest, suspended from a cord or chain

Filigree: ornamentation on metalwork formed by fine wire tracery soldered in place

Gilt: covered thinly with metal (usually gold) leaf or paint; the process is known as gilding

Pointille: the process of impressing a pattern of dots into a metal surface, done manually with a painted tool

Scabbard: sheath for the blade of a sword or dagger, made of leather or metal

Chape: metal fitting attached to the end of a scabbard to prevent the blade from going through the scabbard

Penannular Brooches: a type of cloth fastener associated with the Insular Celts consisting of a  ring with a small break in the circumference and a long pin attached by its head to a ring, sometimes called a "Celtic brooch"

Repousse: aka repoussage, a metalworking technique involving the working of a metal sheet from behind

Chasing: metalworking technique involving the working of a metal sheet from the front

Engraving: aka incising, a kind of chasing whereby designs are made by cutting into a

metal surface with a sharp tool

Chalice: a vessel used for administering eucharistic wine during the celebration of Mass

Escutcheon: a flat piece of metal decorated in Insular metalworking

Chalice: a vessel used for administering Eucharistic wine during the celebration of Mass

Codex: manuscript in book form

True cross: reputed physical remnants of the cross upon which Jesus was crucified

Church of the Holy Sepulchre: church built on the reputed sites where Jesus' crucifixion, entombment and resurrection occurred

Cruciform: meaning shaped like a cross

Stone Dressing: the smoothing and shaping of natural stones

Triquetra: triple knot design originating in pre-Christian Celtic culture and adopted by Celtic Christians to symbolize the Holy Trinity

Shaft: the vertical arm of a cross

Transom: aka a crossbar, horizontal arm of the cross

Boss: rounded raised ornamentation

Skeuomorph: design feature borrowed from an older object where the appearance of the original, but is no longer functional

Relief: projection of a carving from the ground out of which it is carved

Rood: large crucifix, often hung over the space before the altar

Mortise and Tenon: joint made by a projection (tenon) made for insertion into a hole (mortise) of the same dimensions

Capstone: shrine-shaped cap joined atop the shaft of a high cross, theorized as representing the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem

Via Dolorosa: 'Way of Grief', refers to the route that Christ walked while carrying his cross to the Hill of Cavalry, the site of his crucifixion

Paschal Mystery: center of Christian faith, refers to the suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus