biology eoc

Genetics:

1. What It Is:

   • Genetics is the biology study of heredity and how traits pass from parents to offspring.

2. Basics:

   • Genes: Tiny bits of DNA with instructions.

   • DNA: Genetic code using letters A, T, C, G.

   • Chromosomes: Organized packages of DNA.

3. How It Works:

   • Inheritance: Passing traits like eye color.

   • Traits: Characteristics you get from parents.

   • Variation: Why siblings aren't identical.

4. Important Terms:

   • Genotype: Genetic makeup (e.g., genes for blue eyes).

   • Phenotype: Observable traits (e.g., blue eyes).

   • Allele: Different forms of a gene.

5. Genetic Conditions:

   • Genetic mutations happen randomly and are mostly bad.

6. How its Studied:

   • Pedigree: Charts to track family history.

   • Genetic Testing: Checking genes for diseases.