Social Studies Notes

Climate Data: Jakarta

• Table 1 and Figure 2 show climate data and graphs for Jakarta.
• Data includes average temperature in degrees Celsius and rainfall in millimeters for January, February, March, and April.
• Months and corresponding data:
  • January: Temperature = $26$°C, Rainfall = $340$ mm
  • February: Temperature = $26$°C, Rainfall = $300$ mm
  • March: Temperature = $26$°C, Rainfall = $210$ mm
  • April: Temperature = $27$°C, Rainfall = $140$ mm

Graph Completion and Calculations: Jakarta

• Use data to complete the graph in Figure 1.
• Calculate the annual mean temperature, annual temperature range, and total rainfall for Jakarta.
  • Annual mean temperature: $\frac{1870}{72}$ = $13.5$°C
  • Annual range of temperature: $292$°C (Note: This seems unusually high and may be an error. The range should be the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures.)
  • Total rainfall: $790$ mm

Data Extraction: Jakarta

• From the graph, state the temperature and rainfall for November.
  • Temperature: $27$°C
  • Rainfall: $140$ mm

Climate Data: Brunei

• Figure 1 and Table 1 show climate data and a graph for Brunei.

Brunei Data Points:

• Temperature (°C) and Rainfall (mm) are recorded for January, February, and March.
• January: $\text{Temperature} = 26$°C, $\text{Rainfall} = 308$ mm
• February: $\text{Temperature} = 27$°C, $\text{Rainfall} = 158$ mm
• March: $\text{Temperature} = 27$°C, $\text{Rainfall} = 129$ mm

Graph Completion: Brunei

• Complete Figure 1 by plotting the temperature and rainfall data shown in Table 1.

Analysis of Climate Data: Brunei

• State the annual temperature range shown in Figure 4.
  • Annual temperature range: $28$° to $27$°
• Identify the months that receive over $300$mm of rainfall.
  • Months: January, October, November, December

Defining History

• History is defined as the story of people and past events in a sequence of time.

Archival Records

• Official written records of a country are kept in an Archive.

Oral History

• Oral History is verbal information given by people who experienced a particular event.

Monarch

• A monarch is a single ruler for life who rules by birthright.

Traditional Brunei Wazirs

• Besides Pengiran Bendahara and Pengiran Pemancha, the other two Wazirs were Pengiran Di-Gadong and Pengiran Temenggong.

Duties of Pengiran Shahbandar

• The Pengiran Shahbandar was in charge of the port and foreign trade.

Brunei Traditional Land Rights (Pre-1906)

• Before 1906, Brunei had its own traditional system of land rights.
• Owners of these land rights had the right to control the river and inhabitants near them.
• This system was gradually abolished by the British when Brunei became a full protectorate in 1906.
• The three Brunei traditional land rights were:
  • Kerajaan
  • Kuripan
  • Tulin

Land Rights: Hereditary Status

• The two land rights that were not hereditary were Kerajaan and Kuripan.

Hereditary Definition

• Hereditary means something that can be passed down from generation to generation; it is inherited.

Advantage of Traditional System

• The traditional system brought a great sense of Bruneian pride and culture.

Historians

• A historian is best described as a person who uses historical evidence to reconstruct the story of the past.

Examples of Ruins

• Examples of ruins are coins, inscriptions, journals, and tombstones.

Artefacts

• Artefacts are a type of historical evidence.

Low Ranking Officials

• The low-ranking officials include Bilal, Khatib, Imam, Panglima, and Pegawai.

Reasons to Study History

• Reasons to study history include:
  • Understanding the present and preparing for the future.
  • Explaining traditional customs and beliefs.
  • Learning from the good examples of the past to avoid making the same mistakes.

Graph Skills

• Graph skills involve understanding concepts like mean temperature and range.

Formulas

• Annual Mean Temperature: $\frac{\text{Sum of annual temperatures}}{\text{Number of objects}}$
• Annual Range of Temperature: Highest - Lowest

Latitude and Longitude

• Latitude and longitude are used to locate countries.

Bar Graphs

• Bar Graphs are used to represent numerical data and show data using y axis.
• Graphs consist of no. of girls & boys where there are 14 Girl and 6 Boys.

Trivia Questions: Continents

• What is the largest continent?
  • Asia
• Which continent is known as the 'Land Down Under'?
  • Australia (located in the Southern Hemisphere
• Which continent has the highest peak?
  • Asia (Mount Everest)
• Which continent is primarily known for its ice and research stations?
  • Antarctica
• Name the continent the Equator passes through?
  • Africa, Asia, South America
• Which continent is home to the Amazon Rainforest?
  • South America
• Which continent is home to the Great Barrier Reef?
  • Australia
• Which continent is the most heavily populated?
  • Asia
• Which continent is known for its vast deserts, savannas, and rainforests?
  • Africa
• Which continent is home to the Nile River?
  • Africa

Latitude & Longitude

• Latitude & Longitude are imaginary lines drawn on maps or globes.
• 7 Major Latitude lines
• 2 examples of longitudes

Map of Borneo Island

• Borneo Island consists of:
  • Brunei
  • Sarawak (Malaysia)
  • Sabah (Malaysia)
  • Kalimantan (Indonesia)
• The 4 districts of Brunei in blue with
  • Tutong District
  • Belait District (Largest)
  • Muara District (Smallest)
  • Temburong District

Export Partners: Pie Chart Analysis

• Figure 2 shows Brunei's main export partners (2018).

Major Export Partners

• (a) *Which district has the highest attraction and which has the lowest attraction?

  • Highest: Brunei-Muara
  • Lowest: Belait

• Why do you think tourists like to visit Belait District?

  • because of the interesting attractions such as oil and discovery center in Seria and Muara its the place where oil was found.

• Name 2 places that tourists like to visit in Brunei-Muara District.

  • 2 places that tourist like to visit in Brunei is Pantai Muara and Jerudong Park,

Temperature Data: Kolkata and Singapore

• Study Figure 1, which shows the mean monthly temperatures for Kolkata and Singapore.

Monthly Temperatures

• (a) State the highest monthly temperature in Kolkata & Singapore.
  • Kolkata: 36, 32, 31
  • Singapore: 27, 28
• (b) Which months have the highest temperature in both countries?
  • Kolkata: May, June, and June
  • Singapore: May, June, and June

Climate Statistics:

calculate the mean temperature, range of temperature and total rainfall of India.
* Highest Annual mean temperature: $24.75$°C
* Annual range of temperature: $10.4$°C
* Total rainfall: $1048$mm

• (b) List any 3 months that receive less than $100$ mm of rainfall.
  • January, February, and March receive less than $100$mm of rainfall

Steps to Construct Pie Chart

• To calculate the percentage of the data given we use the formula: (Frequency / Total Frequency) × $100$.
• To convert the data into degrees we use the formula: (Given Data / Total value of Data) × $360$°
  THE POPULATION IN $2023$ OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM IN THE DISTRICTS.
  Calculation Brunei Muara district in Angle:
• $\frac{3260000}{450,500} = 260$.
• $Calculate the percentage of the data given \frac{326,000}{450,500} * 100 = 72$%.
• Tutong 15%
• Belait 2%
• Temburong 11%

How to Draw a Pie Chart

1 The circle with a dot in the center is usually drawn for the students.
2 All the data must be calculated into percentages and then angles. Measure the angles of each slice.
3 All drawings must be using pencil and ruler but the labeling of title and subtitles and variables in pen.
4 The pie chart must have title, the word percentage must be included in the title since the data are represented in percentages.
5 The pie chart must be completely labeled, for example labeling the percentages in the pie chart.
6 The pie chart must have a key/legend.

Pie Chart

*Pie chart used to show proportions and percentages, example resource distribution or population demographic.

How to Draw

• Draw the circle
• Calculate data into percentages and measure the angles of each slide.

Line Graph

• Graph of lines made by connected data points and shows changes over time.
• Summarize how two pieces of information are related to one another.

Graph Components

• Scale
• Title
• Points
• Line
• Labels

Map and World

• Ch 4: Mop of the world
• Longitude and Latitude
  • Ecograph Latin/Greek Earth earth human/population

Facts

• Brunei 450,000
• India - Has nearly 2 billion
  • Child Young

Longitude

• Measures the east or west distance
• Run from north to south
  Longitudes range from 0° to 180° East and West

Latitude

• Drawn east to west, measures distance north and south
• Latitude lines, They are called parallel imaginary lines
• 7 Major latitude Major Longitude Line
  • Latitude The largest

7 Continents

*1 South America 2)Africa 3)North America 4)Australia 5)Europe 6)Asia 7)Antarctica
Ocean From largest to smallest
*1Pacific Ocean 2)Atlantic Ocean 3)Indian Ocean 4)Southern Ocean 5)Artic Ocean*

Middle east : Saudi Arabia

Major Sea

*

• Bering Sea
• Caribbean Se
• Mediterrancan Sea
• Arabian Sea
• South China Sea*

Continents and Oceans:

Continents are large land masses on which we live.
Oceans are large masses of salt water that cover most of the earth's surface.
Seas are large areas of salt water between continents and oceans. They are smaller than oceans.

Latitudes & Longitudes:

• Name the pointed grid lines Latitude or Longitude
• Name the major latitudes North pole arctic circle equator tropic of cancer tropic of capricorn antarctic circle south pole Major Longitude Line

Latitudes

• Latitudes range from 0° to 90° Northwards and Southwards.
• $0$° latitude is called the Equator
• $0$° to $90$°N is the North Hemisphere
• $0$° to $90$°S is the South Hemisphere- -Longitude longitude lines

Chapter 3: James Brooke & Lost of (Brunei) Terroties

James Brooke

• Born in British looking for trade opportunities.

• JB Arrived in Sarawak in 1839 in his Ship Royalist to defeat in 1838

• 1824 Sultan Sarifuddin Indera Mahkota.Mohamad Salleh Ibhi

• Governor of Sarawak founded city of Sarawak Kuching
  Sarawak was ric and has antimony metal explosive bullets.
  There was Local rebbelion,led by Duty Patinggi Ali ,Dayak people, Suppress rebels JB
  with disrespected by and Pg Indera Mahkota boat capsized Muda Hashim fled in Mukah agreement. Brooke White Raja of Sarawak and advantage rebels rebellon.

• ### Where? East, West?

• Brunei Between China, East of Australia Indian Ocean, Indian East, Surrounded by China, East, Indian Ocean

• How many countries are there? 11 countries

  • Brunei Darussalam
  • Malaysia
  • Singapore
  • Phillipines Timor Leste Vietnam Indonesia Thailand Myanmar Cambodia good

• This is when western powers took control or influence many territories in the world.

Colonism Main Land & Island Sea

• Colonies British,Dutch etc. British East *India company etc *Frenk Indonesian Brunei singapore moloysia
  Spice trade Rubber Timber religious machine
  Brunei threatened attack and advantage local and friction.