DP

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Spelling Practice

Correctly Spelled Words

  • Accreditation

  • Advocate

  • Epidemic

  • Generalist

  • Provider

  • Reciprocity

  • Doctorate

  • Scribe

  • Tact

  • Revocation

  • Empathetic

  • Impathetic

  • Innate

  • Resiliency

  • Integrity

  • Diversity

  • Transcript

  • Résumé

  • Externship

  • Chronological

  • Practicum

Common Misspellings

  • Accretitation

  • Scrieb

  • Generelist

  • Provyder

  • Reciprcety

  • Revokation

  • Epademic

  • Receprocity

  • Advacate

  • Doctorite

  • Docterate

  • Revocaton

  • Intigrity

  • Rasieliency

  • Diversitie

  • Empathitic

  • Divirsity

  • Inate

  • Enate

  • Risiliency

  • Transcrip

  • Resame

  • Pracitical

  • Chonological

  • Targited

Medical Office Knowledge

Roles & Settings

  • Advocate: Assists the patient.

  • Urgent Care Center: Ambulatory care for minor/acute illness.

  • Administrative Skills: Manage business affairs.

  • PCMH: Team-based coordinated care.

  • Clinical Skills: Assessment, exams, diagnosis, treatment.

  • Hospitalist: Works with admitted patients.

  • Solo Practice: One provider makes all decisions.

  • Partnership: Shared business decisions among providers.

  • Patient Navigator: Guides patients, removes barriers.

  • Self-Boundaries: Clarity, consistency, respect, awareness.

Skills

  • Administrative Skills: Scheduling, records, demographics, inventory, billing, insurance claims.

  • Clinical Skills: Vitals, sterilization, lab tests, meds, phlebotomy, emergencies.

  • General Skills: Needed in any capacity.

Credentialing & Certification

  • Credentialing: Verifies qualifications, certifications, education.

  • Certification: Accredited program + exam.

    • CMA → Clinical focus

    • RMA → Broader eligibility

Complementary/Integrative Medicine

  • Biofeedback: Controls involuntary functions

  • Homeopathy: “Law of Similars,” 200-year-old system

  • Naturopathy: Body heals itself

  • Integrative Medicine: Mix of traditional + alternative

Medical Specialists

  • Anesthesiologist: Epidural for delivery

  • Allergist: Hay fever

  • Dermatologist: Mole

  • Urologist: Urinary issues

  • Podiatrist: Foot pain

  • Pulmonary Specialist: Emphysema

  • Plastic Surgeon: Facial improvements

  • Optometrist: Vision exams, lenses

  • Ophthalmologist: Glaucoma, surgery

  • Pediatrician: Well-baby check

  • Chiropractor: Whiplash

  • Endocrinologist: Diabetes

  • Sports Medicine: Injury

  • Dentist: Tooth pain

  • Nuclear Medicine: Radiation treatment

  • Gerontologist: Elderly patient

  • Gynecologist: STD

Legal & Ethical

  • Mediation: Neutral third-party dispute resolution

  • State Law: Enacted by state legislature

  • Common Law: Traditional unwritten law

  • Statutory Law: Legally enacted

  • Plaintiff: Files lawsuit

  • Defendant: Party sued

  • Medical Malpractice: Conduct below standard causing harm

  • Res ipsa loquitur: Evidence rule for malpractice

  • Federal Law & Supremacy Clause: Federal law > state law

  • Misdemeanor: Fine or jail < 1 year

  • Felony: Serious crime, prison/death penalty

  • Voluntary Manslaughter: Intentional, sudden rage

  • Involuntary Manslaughter: Reckless, unintentional

  • Libel: Written defamation

  • Slander: Spoken defamation

  • Torts: Branch of Common Law → True

  • Standard of Care: Level/type a competent professional provides

Communication

  • Verbal: Spoken/written words

  • Nonverbal: Body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact

  • Visual: Pictures, charts, symbols

  • Active Listening: Repeat, paraphrase, feedback cues

  • Defense Mechanisms: Repression, suppression, displacement, projection, rationalization, sublimation, intellectualization, compensation, temporary withdrawal

Barriers

  • Physical: Noise, distance

  • Language: Different languages

  • Psychological: Emotion, stress, bias

Written Communication in Medical Office

  • Patient records, prescriptions, appointment reminders, billing, referrals, lab results, policies, patient instructions

Emergency & First Aid

Crash Cart Essentials

Equipment (18 items): Oxygen/masks, Bag-valve-mask, Suction/tubing, Endotracheal tubes, Laryngoscope/blades, Oral/nasal airways, IV catheters/fluids, Needles/syringes, Tourniquets, Defibrillator/AED, Cardiac monitor leads, Epinephrine, Atropine, Amiodarone, Naloxone, Glucose, Emergency procedure tray

Medications (14): Epinephrine, Atropine, Amiodarone, Lidocaine, Adenosine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Vasopressin, Sodium bicarbonate, Calcium chloride/gluconate, Magnesium sulfate, Naloxone, Dextrose, Ephedrine

Life-Threatening Conditions

  • Cardiac arrest, heart attack, stroke, severe trauma, respiratory failure, anaphylaxis, sepsis, shock

Burns

  • Types: Thermal, Chemical, Electrical

  • Classification: Depth (1st, 2nd, 3rd), Extent (% body burned), Severity (minor/moderate/major)

  • Degrees: 1st → top skin, 2nd → dermis/blisters, 3rd/4th → all layers

  • Wound Types: Avulsion, Incision, Abrasion, Laceration, Puncture

  • Tetanus: Every 10 years; every 5 years if injured

  • Hot/Cold Pack: True

Fractures

  • Impacted, Depressed, Oblique, Transverse, Open, Spiral, Comminuted, Pott’s, Greenstick, Colles, Closed

RICE/RICER

  • Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Refer

Nervous System

Brain Layers (Innermost → Outermost)

  • Pia Mater → Subarachnoid Space → Arachnoid Mater → Subdural Space → Dura Mater

Structures

  • Diencephalon, Thalamus, Brainstem, Cerebellum, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Frontal Lobe, Pons

Brain Functions

  • Thalamus: Relays sensory stimuli

  • Hypothalamus: Vital functions, temp, hunger, thirst, sleep, emotions, hormone release, BP, heart rate, reproduction

  • Cerebrum: Judgment, memory, critical thinking

  • Brainstem: Breathing, digestion, HR, BP, arousal

  • Cerebellum: Muscle coordination, balance

Brainstem Parts

  • Midbrain → eye movement, visual/auditory reflexes

  • Pons → connects brain regions, breathing, facial movement

  • Medulla → HR, BP, breathing

Nervous System

  • Ascending tracts: toward brain

  • Descending tracts: away from brain

  • Stimulus: excites nerve

  • Impulse: wave transmitted through neurons

Medications

  • Opiates: Naturally derived from opium, relieve pain

  • Morphine Sulfate: Adverse effects → deep sleep, respiratory depression, nausea, bradycardia

  • Benzodiazepines: Start in 15–40 min → Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Temazepam

Anesthetics

  • Local → block area

  • General → CNS, partial/complete unconsciousness

Seizure Types

  • Generalized → both hemispheres

  • Unclassified → incomplete data

  • Partial → localized

  • Unilateral → one hemisphere

Vision & Hearing

Eye Structures

  • Aqueous Humor, Lens, Pupil, Cornea, Vitreous Humor

  • Refractive Errors: Myopia → short eyeball, Hyperopia → long eyeball

Ear Structures

  • Malleus, Stapes, Cochlea, Sclera, Eustachian Tube

  • Earwax: Cerumen

Specialists

  • Ophthalmologist → full scope

  • Optometrist → exams, lenses

  • Optician → designs/fits lenses

Hearing Tests

  • Tympanometry → middle ear air pressure

  • Weber & Rinne → type of hearing loss

  • Audiometry → hearing acuity

Abbreviations

  • OU → both eyes

  • AR → Acoustic Refractometry

  • OD → right eye

  • OS → left eye

  • PRK → photorefractive keratotomy

  • dB → decibel

  • BPPV → benign paroxysmal positional vertigo