the cardiovascular system & blood system

Approximately how many times a heart contracts in a day, a year and average lifetime, and how much blood it pumps per day.

A normal day is 86,400 contractions

A year is 31 half a million contractions

For average life 2.4 billion contractions

5,000-6,000 liters= 2,000 gallons a day

2. The big picture as to why circulation is so important.

Every single cell in your body requires oxygen and nutrients to stay alive so this is why having circulation is imperative.

3. The function of the pulmonary circuit.

Is to send the blood to the lungs to get oxygenated

4. The function of the systemic circuit.

Deliver oxygen to the rest of the body

5. The correct sequence of the major parts of the cardiovascular system in order so that you can identify where blood goes next if given a particular part.

The sequence:

a) Superior& Inferior vena cava and coronary sinus: return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

b) Right atrium: receive deoxygenated blood from vena cavaand contracts to push blood into the right ventricle.

c) Tricuspid valve: opens to let blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

d) Right ventricle: pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungsand contracts to push blood through the pulmonary valve.

e) Pulmonary valve: opens during contraction of the right ventricle.

f) Pulmonary Trunk

g) Pulmonary arteries: carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs

h) Lungs: site of gas exchange; where blood picks up oxygenand release carbon dioxide, this is where blood gets oxygenated.

i) Pulmonary veins: carries oxygenated blood from the lugs back to the heart.

j) Left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins, contracts to push blood into the left ventricle

k) Bicuspid valve: opens to allow blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

l) Left ventricle: pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body

m) Aortic valve: opens to allow blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta

n) Aorta: the largest artery in the body, it distributes oxygen rich blood to all body parts via systematic arteries.

o) Body tissue: cells receive oxygen and nutrients… blood picks up carbon dioxide and waste turning it deoxygenated again.

6. The names and locations of the layers of heart tissue.

Endocardium: innermost layer of heart wall, lining the heart of the inside of the heart chambers and valves.

Myocardium: middle, thick made of cardiac muscle tissue

Epicardium: outer layer of the heart wall, thin connective tissue and fat, part of the pericardium.

7. What structure is known as the normal pacemaker of the heart

Sinoatrial node

8. The correct sequence of the parts that carry out a cardiac impulse 584

a) Sinoatrial node

b) Atria syncytium

c) Junctional fiber

d) Atrioventricular node

e) AV bundles

f) Bundle branches

g) Purkinje fibers

h) Ventricular syncytium

9. What part of a heartbeat/ contraction correlates to each part of a normal EKG

The first deflection produces the P wave corresponding to a depolarization that spreads from the SA node through contractile cells of both atria that leads to atrial contraction. Q wave continues as a large upward triangular spike to the R wave and ends as a downward deflection to the S wave, the QRS complex corresponds to depolarization that spreads through contractile cells of both ventricles that leads to ventricular contractions. T wave which ends the EKG pattern for a given cardiac cycle.

10. A good textbook definition for the term’s tachycardia,bradycardia, fibrillation and cardioversion

Tachycardia fast heart rate

Bradycardia low hear rate

Fibrillation is the muscle tissue is not fully contracting

Cardioversion is a method to try and kick the heart back into a normal rhythm

11. Which ion cell of the conducting system in the heart are most sensitive to.

The heart is most sensitive to potassium K because it the only screws with the heart rate.

12. That contracting skeletal muscles help return blood to the heart

13. Which arteries directly branch off from the aorta

left and right coronary artery, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian, bronchial artery, pericardial artery, esophageal artery, mediastinal artery, posterior intercostal artery, celiac trunk, phrenal artery, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, suprarenal artery, renal artery, lumbar artery, gonadal artery, middle sacral artery, common iliac artery

14. What vein is formed by the merging of the radial and the ulnar veins 618

These veins merge to form brachial veins.

15. The longest vein in the body

The great saphenous vein in the tibial

16. The normal heart rate for a fetus, a newborn and an adult

Fetus- 144

Newborn- 140

Adult- 60-99

17. The cardiovascular systems normal response to physical exercise

Hear rate increases

18. The approximate percentage of blood that is red blood cells

The blood is 55 plasma and 45 solid elements of that 45 percent

95.1% is red blood cells

= 42.7 percent is red blood cells.

19. A good textbook definition for the word hematocrit

It is the percentage by volume of red blood cells in a sample of whole blood, packed cell volume

20. What things make up the formed elements in blood

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

21. What type of cells in blood lack a nucleus when they are mature

Red blood cells

22. The normal white blood cell counts per microliter of blood

A normal microliter of blood includes 3,500 to 10,500 of white blood cells

23. How to best describe platelets

Platelets are pieces of cell fragments

24. What biliverdin and bilirubin are, what color they appear, and what organ helps break them down.

Biliverdin is greenish pigment that is produced during the breakdown of heme which is a component of hemoglobin which is a component of red blood cells

Bilirubin is orange pigment formed from the breakdown of biliverdin formed from the breakdown of old red blood cells.

The liver breaks down through your stool.

25. How to identify parts of cardiovascular system either by name or function description: