MWH studyguide jaz n jul

Study Guide - WW1, Interwars, WW2

WW1

What were the long term causes of WW1?	Changing family structure Developed sciences Disruption of traditional gender roles Voting rights for men and women Economic advances Refugee displacement
What was the immediate cause of WW1	Assassination of the archduke
Define Schlieffen Plan	Germany attack France then Russia in an outbreak of war
What was Trench Warfare? What were its impacts?	Holes dug, trenches, fire trench, support trench, reserve trench, no man’s land Bored, waiting, mud, diseases, feet rot, slow death, food rations, bad smell, filled with dead bodies, fire trench, support, reserve trench
What was the importance of the Zimmerman Telegram?	It informed the U.S. of Germany plots to convince Mexico to invade the U.S. to start battles.
What were some key themes of Wilson’s 14 points?	Freedom, peace, and communication.
What peace treaty ended WW1? What were some terms?	Treaty of Versailles Territorial: Return of land, Coal fields were given to France for 15 years Military: Restricted to 100,000 men, Navy 6 Battleships and no submarines, no airforce. Financial and Economic: Germany had to pay reparations, 132 billion gold marks, Germany wasn’t allowed to join the league of nations, accept responsibility and blame.
Describe Post-WW1 Germany.	Broke, severely in debt, weak, and socially degraded.
Who were the alliances during WW1?	Triple Alliance : Germany, Austro-Hungary, Ottoman Empire Triple Entente : Britain, France, Russia (Later joined by Italy, U.S)
What was the role of Propaganda during WW1?	To enlist soldiers, gain the citizens trust, and destroy the enemies’ reputation
What were some outcomes of WW1?	Disorientation, loss of sense of direction, generation after called the lost generation ( Displacement ) of families Deep ( resentment ) and widespread fear Death toll of (40 million ) ( PTSD / Shell-shocked )

Interwars

What are some Characteristics of a totalitarian leader?	Lack of democracy Absolute control of economy No limitations in power Complete control over citizens No opposition
What are the reasons for the rise in Fascism in Italy and Germany?	People demanded quick change and restoration of their country. Country feeling degraded
What are some characteristics of Fascism?	Extreme nationalism Racial superiority Suppression of opposition Social hierarchy
What are some similarities and differences between Hitler, Mussolini and Stalin?	Totalitarianism Extreme Nationalism Personality ; charismatic
What were Stalin’s economic and agricultural policies?	Collectivization Stalin’s command economy Five Year Plan
What were some similarities and differences between Fascism and Socialism of the 20th century?	Equality for Socialism Inequality for Fascism Lack on economic freedom Socialism Lack of any freedom Facism - expression, individuality, minority No social hierarchy Socialism Strict social hierarchy Facism
What were the political reasons for the rise of dictatorships in Europe?	Democracy by its definition is a slow process and takes a lot of time for action to be taken. Due to the crisis many of these countries were facing, they needed someone, a dictator, that could lead and promise the uplifting of their country.
What were the Impacts of WW1 on Germany? (economic, political)	Financial and Economic: Germany had to pay reparations, 132 billion gold marks, Political: Germany wasn’t allowed to join the league of nations, accept responsibility and blame.
What was the Dawes Plan?	US loans Germany money to pay the Allies, Allies pay their debt to US, to fix the economy
What were Hitler’s goals for Germany?	To create a pure empire (Third reich) To unify all German speaking people (Lebensraum)
What were some impacts of Stalin’s rule in the Soviet Union?	Conducted purges, killed enemies and opposition (including civilians) Seized all power/limited freedom of the press Used media as propaganda Soviet Union became totalitarian

WW2

What were the causes of WW2?	Hitler’s aggression and violation of the Treaty of Versailles Failure of League of Nations The policy of Appeasement
What was the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact?	When Hitler planned to avoid two-front wars by making a pact with Stalin
Define Appeasement.	Allow prohibited behavior to avoid future conflict
What were some characteristics of Blitzkrieg?	Fast paced decision making Unpredictable Offense
What are some key facts about dropping the atomic Bomb in WW2?	First bomb killed 146,000 (126,000 were civilians) Radiation killed more 80,000 killed in the second bombing
Define the following terms: Operation Torch, Operation Dynamo, D-Day invasion	Operation Torch: The allied invasion of North Africa held by Axis powers, is successful Operation Dynamo: D-Day invasion: When the British, French, and US land 3 million soldiers on the beaches of Normandy in France.
What is the battle of attrition?	A prolonged war where each side tries to gradually wear out the other
What were some outcomes of WW2?	Creation of the United Nations Super powers emerge: USA and Soviet Union

Short Answer Questions:

What are some important themes that describe the first half of the 20th century? (WW1, Interwars and WW2)	Totalitarianism Dictatorship Socialism Facism
Explain two reasons why dictatorships became popular in Europe post-ww1.	Economic failure - anger over treaty of versailles Social degradation - triggering extreme nationalism
Explain how dictators during the interwar period use manipulation to gain popularity with the public.	Charisma led to control over the people. Control and support from the people led to even more power as a dictator.
Explain one similarity and one difference between Stalin and Hitler.	Goals - Both leaders wanted their countries to become powerhouses in the world. They had built to expand their economy, land, and military power while displaying their nationalism and pridefulness for growth. Ideology - Stalin believed that the working class was all equal and that they provided for the government and not to themselves personally. Hitler believed that the Aryan race was superior and was on a higher hierarchy than anyone other than their race.
Explain two similarities between Hitler and Mussolini.	Ideology - Stalin believed that the working class was all equal and that they provided for the government and not to themselves personally. Hitler believed that the Aryan race was superior and was on a higher hierarchy than anyone other than their race. Stalin - Socialism Hitler - Facism
Explain how warfare in WW1 and WW2 was different.	WW1 Chemical warfare and trench wars WW2 Blitzkrieg, Radars, Static defenses vs movement-infiltration based armies