Absolute Monarchs

Absolute power - Having complete control over subjects

Louis the 13th - Takes over when Henry dies, he has a chief architect who is a cardinal advisor Richelieu; the cardinal builds a palace that can rival kings

Intendents - Instead of putting nobles in charge of regions and take their territory away and the king will appoint middle class/new money to be in charge of the region and is loyal to the king; get troops and regulates noble decrees. This was to take power away from nobles

Middle class and poor pay taxes in France pay taxes in France

King Louis the 13th is married to the Austrian Queen Ann and they can't produce an heir but at 37 she gave birth to Louis the 14th and it's a miracle. Louis the 13th dies when his son is 5

King Louis 14th watches corruption and mobs in France as Austrians try to take over

Sun king (1643-1715) Louis 14th takes what cardinal Richelieu left him and he wore wigs and heels he started ruling at 23; rules the longest European monarch and rules for 72 years. He is a Renaissance man and sets up art and music places

He raises taxes and cries when he does it, uses taxes for military and has 100,000 men navy and army. He conquers land and fights in the Dutch war, the Nine Years’ war, and Spanish war of succession

Mercantilism - Economic system the state comes first and controls industries and factories; get cheap raw materials by taking colonies. Uses money for roads, postal system, and military

Palace of Versailles - Created by King Louis the 14th it costed $2 billion in today's money. The palace had gold, paintings, 1400 foutains, house of mirriors, beautiful garden and statues. He invites nobles to the palace and entertains them so they don't rebel against him. The nobles wine and dine while being there.

Mongols in Russia - Russians blame Mongols for their backwardness and not getting the scientific revolution, the Reformation, and the Renaissance

Ivan the 3rd - 1480 stopped paying tribute to the khan and wants Russia to be the 3rd Roman empire (Tsar Ivan) He expands territory and begins Russia

Ivan the 4th (Ivan the terrible) - He wants to use the feudalistic system, the nobles in Russia are boyars. He massacres the boyars and tortures them by skinning them alive to death. He kills his only heir (his eldeset son) while being drunk

Michael the patriarch - He is the patriarch of the Romanov family and makes serfs (chatels making them property)

Peter the Great - His reign was from 1682-1724 he is 6ft 8in tall. He realizes Russia is behind ans his wants to be European. He thinks Europe is advanced in 1697 and goes on tour in Europe. He is an absolute monarch. He goes to England, Netherlands, and Prussia and meets William Frederick. He acquires technology, military ideas, and factories

Peter the Great when he comes home - His military starts to rebel and tries to take over. Their is a bill waiting there from kings in Russia asking for him to pay up. He uses technology to pay his standing army, he sets up learning academies to help people learn subjects to later help engineer weapons, centralizes government with tax collectors. He invades Sweden and Poland. He builds a new capital St. Petersburg and 200,000 people died building it.

Table of Ranks - System of heirarchy and rank in imperial Russia. It oulines ranks and titles that individuals could attain based on their social status, military service, and years of experience.

Women - Didn't have to wear veils and no more arranged marriages

Russian people - Couldn't wear Russian clothes and he had to wear European clothes

Catherine the Great - She's not an heir to Peter. 1762-1796 she rules and centralizes up to 50 administrative provinces and takes church property. She thinks she is an enlightened dictator. She battles the Ottomons and takes parts of Crimea. Exports gold, iron, and resources. She passes laws for serfs to have their noses, toes, and ears get cut off and they are considered slaves. She uses her sexuality as a dictator and takes part of Poland by having a Polish prince boyfriend.