Test 1

Florence Nightingale

  • Foundational figure in nursing, established standards for nursing environments and quality patient care.

  • Known as the "lady with the lamp."

Nursing Process

  • Stages: Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Outcome, Planning, Intervention (Implementation), Evaluation.

  • Understand application of each stage with examples.

Autonomy in Nursing

  • Patient Autonomy: Rights to information and quality care.

  • Nursing Autonomy: Acting in the patient's best interests, such as encouraging fluid intake.

Roles of Nurses

  • Advocacy: Ensuring informed consent.

  • Caregiver: Direct patient care (e.g., bathing).

  • Educator: Teaching patients (e.g., insulin administration).

  • Manager: Budgeting and policy preparation.

  • Continuing Education: Attending workshops and staying current with nursing practices.

Accountability

  • Responsibility for actions in patient care.

Medicare

  • Covers hospital services, outpatient, inpatient.

  • Eligibility: 65 years and older or disabled.

  • Payment model: Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG).

Patient Admissions

  • Admission: Patient enters healthcare system.

  • Transfer: Moving a patient to a different unit.

  • Discharge: Patient leaves the facility. Planning starts at check-in.

Types of Care

  • Restorative Care: Therapy focused on returning to prior function.

  • Continuing Care: Assistance for long-term needs.

  • Hospice Care: Comfort-focused, no curative treatment.

  • Preventative Care: Immunizations and health education.

Public Health Nursing

  • Focus on community health rather than just individuals.

  • Unique role in addressing population health needs.

Vulnerable Populations

  • Groups facing financial, health, or social risk factors.

  • Example issues: homelessness, lack of resources.

Therapeutic Communication

  • Important for understanding and responding to patient needs.

  • Engage with empathy and values-based presence.

Health Risk Assessments

  • Family history is critical for genetic risk factors (e.g., BRCA mutations).

  • Lifestyle choices (e.g., alcohol, smoking) affect health risks.

Hygiene Practices in Patient Care

  • Assess patient’s current hygiene condition before care.

  • Consider patient preferences and allergies.

Skin Integrity

  • Impaired skin integrity risks include moisture, nutrition, dehydration, and circulation.

  • Diaphoresis: medical term for excessive sweating.

Essential Nursing Terminology

  • Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing.

  • H. pylori: bacterial infection related to ulcers.

  • NG Tube: methods for placement and confirmatory practices.

  • TPN: Total Parenteral Nutrition, watch for hyperglycemia.

Nutrition and Feeding Strategies

  • Small, frequent feedings for patients with eating difficulties.

  • Baseline knowledge of different diet types required (e.g., vegetarian, soft diets).