gove e 2
Congress
· Public perception
· Article 1 review
· Member traits (119th congress)
o House – 435
§ Old average age 58
§ 125 29% women
§ 61 black
§ 46 Hispanic
§ 18 Asians
§ 3 natives American
§ 200 protestant
§ 126 cathilck
§ Juwish 12
§ Lds 6
§ 88 military experiences
§ 40 years ago most had military experience
§ 93% college degree or more
o Senet 100
§ 26 women
§ 10 minorities
§ About same religion average age 64
§ Same with religion
§ Used to be no woman and no bathroom for woman
· Roles
o Deleget felt they wher the mouth pice for back home
o The trustee ther to make the desishons for the good of the home and contres
o Politico act as a trustee whin no ones looking but when eyes are on you from home you play up the I’m for you.
o Law making is top function for most people.
§ Log rolling you scratch my back ill scratch yours
§ Ear Marcks or pork beariel projects. Aka the trails center
o Constituent services
§ Ombudsperson or go between
o Representation
§ Educate the public – franking
§ Implementing and oversight of law – hearings
§ Conflict resolution
§ Check and balances executive
o Fundraising
§ Political prostitution
· Key Functions
· Election factors
o Motivation
§ Don’t want to put your friends and family thrue the appoints semesar campain
o Recourses
§ 95% of people who run raised and spent the most money
§ Young volunteers
§ Endorsements
o Incumbency
§ 95% get re allected to the house
§ 80% reelection to the senet
§ Name recognition
§ Look what I’ve done for you
o Opportunity
§ You mess up you can be taken out
o Visuals
§ Inflation concerns and the economy
§ Pro candite
§ Immigration
§ Wemons wrights
o 2024 elections
· Organization
o Common factors
§ Organized along party lines
§ Seniority the longer your ther the more influence you have
§ Broken up intue various comunities
o Leaders
§ 217-215
§ Sepcher of the house mick jonston
§ Reprisints whole house
§ Majority keader steve sculeece shot dering baceball
§ To be the republicin front man
§ Majority whip tom imerey
§ Tring to keep poup;e on board to vote for the things thay want
§ Majority leader hakeen Jeffreys from ney yourck 40ish
§ Keeps dims tightly together
§ Kathren clarck majority whip
§ Rechis ot to repubs to get ther vote on things
§ These 5 are the most powerfull pouple in the house party matters
§ 53-47
§ Vance is the prez of the sinet
§ Only real power is to brake ties
§ Presidint prow timp
§ Brasley steps in for vance he cant vote twice thow to brake ties
§ Jon thune majority leader
§ John burasso majority whip
§ Chuch shumer minority leader
§ dick derbin minority whip
o Committee system
§ Cummities inable ther minbers lern about ther ishues
§ 20 house 16 sennet
§ Top house appropreations gov spinding
§ Rules has to do with law macking
§ Forren relations yes to imbasiters and treates
§ Judiciary confirms judges
§ Can serve up to 5
§ Senators are aloud 4
§ Sulect cummities house or senet
§ Deal with spucifick ishues
§ House y2k, storming of capital. Whin ishues are solved the cummity gos away
§ Joint cummities Emportint but not political
§ Confrince cummitie
§ In house and sennet
§ Iern out detailes in the bill
o Selection factores
§ Seniority
§ Choice youll get something
§ Levriging cenority with other siniters
§ Relivint esp traning ed
§ Where there from
§ Are you anoing or a pain
· Legislative process
o Bill to law 5% sucses rate
o 2023 27 bills passed lest scence cilvil war
o Talk to fellow politishons to get co sponcers
o Staf helps craft the bill
o Introduce bill Fallow by assigned number
o Gos to the relivint standing cumitiey
o The chair of the cumitiey could be pigined hole or thrown away
o It could be deligated to a sub cumitie
o Hold hearings about the bill. Profeshinles talk about fesibility of the bill the aposing can bring in apposing argumints can last months
o Thay vote
o Gos to. The standing cummity thaty have hering and votes
o Gos to the rule cumitie and thay vote
o Deside on the rules for debating the bill
o Thay set rules on ammindmints
o Set calinder for votes
o Gos to a flore vote
· Senet
o Co-sponcers
o Staff givinn a draftfrom above
o Introduction
o Intriductiun senit 12
o Standing comity
o Sub cumitty
o Herings a
o Amindmint
o Vote
o Standing comity
o Vote
o Filibuster taking about noncence to delae a vote
o Can be called of by a 60 ceniter vote
o You could reqwest a hold
o Timpurarily hod bill intel you get your voters on boared
o Flor vote
o Confrince cumityes
o Both cummityes
o Both preposers
o Come to a compromise
o Houce senet
o Sighn bill makes it law
o Vetow bill that can be over wridden
o Pocet sighne or vetow
o 10 dayes to. Act on it autimadicley becomes law if in setin auto vito is out of setion
· Views on operations
o Back in the day
§ Civle with each otheer
§ Open to compromise
§ Thay practice resiprosity what I say I will do to maintain trust
o Now a days
§ Compromise is a bad thing
§ Partison ship is up if you are the other party your eveal and un American
§ Fragmentation
o Lowi’s iron triangle
§ Ishue substities
§ Bericrats keeping the thing going
§ Interest gropes has personal interest in the thing
§ Sacred ground that if I mess them they will mess so things stagnate and nothing happens in congress
§ 2/3 favorable of our congress but a 2/3 unfavorable for tother congress
§ Congress gets paid 174,000 a year
§ there are thee influences the behavior of congress members
§ wants to be re elected
§ wants to gain power and influence
§ they want to make good policy they need to do what needs to be done despite reelection
§ needs to live dule lives
§ thay ned to cultivate a home style and a hill style
§ this way you connect with your voters and can be taken serisoley
· Evaluation
o Richard fenno
· Examples of major laws
o 1883 pendleton act
§ Savile service
§ Filed with patronage or the spoil sistome
§ Baced on who you know and who you got elected
§ Prez befor garfealed promised jobs if elected he didn’t and got shot by a job seacker
§ After law you wher hiered on marret
§ Civle service commishon making shour no bribes discrimination or favritisome
§ Civle service exam must be past to get the job
§ Getting layed of by trump evin thow this law should have protected them
o 1964 civil rights act
§ Bipardison push after kinidies assassination
§ Publick discrimination bases on race or color
§ If reseving publick funsd no discriminate if privet you can
§ If everyone is going to the sme spots thin it brakes downe barrios
§ Added disabled eleerley trans ect thow trump is woring t oremove transe
o 2021 infrastructure
§ Investment + jobs act
§ Over ½ bridges ae substandard and prown to culaps
§ 1.2 trillion dollars to inprove infustructur of roads wattersuplyes rail roads harbers
§ Provide jobs and fix infistructur to bildapon in the fucher
· Wyoming legislature
o Article 3
§ Citisons can pass laws by getting enuff signitures inishitive
§ We can over tearn laws va reffurindome
o Overview
o Leaders
o Committees
Presidincie
· Roles
o Head of state
§ Carimonial
o Head of government
§ Executing the laws
§ Cheef exequtive
o Cumander and cheef of the military
§ Carimonial originally
§ Now powerful and dangerous
§ Cheeflegislater
o Chief diplomat
§ Our face to the world
§ Whatever tow leaders shake hands and agree on becomes a thing
§ Party leader
§ The one and onley natinal leader
· Powers 4
o Hecan appoint pouple
o Approve and veto bills
o Exik
o Lowey petpeeves
§ Granting more powers to the prez
§ Congress has done this to much
§ Congress is Slow on pourpious
§ Prez is faster
§ He makes bad desishhions inrash presher
o Lincin was convinfed to revoke haddious corpssus
o Franclin rosivelt
§ Japan bombs the harber
§ The japineesin amarica mite do somth
· Tintrow
· Perceptions
· Models (4)
o Max weber
o Orginised hiearkey
§ Looking a whole burocricey
§ Chain of camand
§ Spechilisations-Devishion of laber
§ Assured tinure (relative to totle job security)
§ Identify currer with orginisation
o The inqwisitive modle
§ Acquisitive
§ Deales with the top
§ Wants incresingley biger butget regardless of need
o Monopolistic
§ If your to onley one why do I have to play nice
o Garbage can modle
§ No reson no sence
§ Theres no rime or reson to what I do I just do
§ Military “fubar”
§ The irs historicley
· Overvue on burocricey
o 2.3 million buricrats
o 2.8 mill whin military added
o Same as whin lindon gonson was prez
o 4 million privet contractores
o Doj cutb less exspinsive buricrats leving mor exspinsive contractores un toushed
· Exsecutive
o Cabnit departmints 15
o Exsecutive office 13
o More impact prez contact
o Endepindent exsecutive aginces
o He has no controle ushuley dousint know much about it
· Legislative
o 30k mostley staff
o Library of congress
· Judishill
o 35k
o Mostley staff natinall law library
· IRA
o Independent regulitorey aginces
o Fda food and drug administration
o Operate indepindint from corpurations
o
Govermint corporation
Fdic
The post office
· Customes
o Corporatx 2%
o Income tax 10%
o Axcise taxes 2%
· Budget
o $4.4 trillin revenues
o 50%indevidual income tax
o 36% soahisl intrest tax
· Outgoing $16.3 trilion
· The natinal debt
o 36tril dollars
o 1980
o $1 trillion
o 75% owed to us
o 25% owed to foreners
o Japan 1.2 trillion
o China 980 billion
o Lowning money gives thim levrigr
o The netherlinds
· Our budjet and buricrats
o Overvue
§ 2 year budjet
§ 11.5 billion 2024 2025
o How we make money
§ Minirill exsise taxes 60% of state revinue
§ The fedurill government 15%
§ State sailes tax 9%
§ Exsise taxes 6%
§ Trust funds
o Exspinses
§ Health and sochil servises
§ Education
§ transportation
§ publick safety and justuse
Judiciary
· intro
· Justice?
o This can be difrint for every one os we have equle justice under the law
o Inniesont intel pruvin giltie
· Functions
o Interpretation og the law
o Educatine eferts
o Distributes punnishmints and rewardes
o Clarify political bountryes
o Deturmin facts
o Issue bench warrants
o Apply values
o Legitimation
· Court system
o Fedirall 14% of cases
o State/local 99% of cases
o District court judge
§ Citizen
§ law degree
§ 25
§ Lived here for 9 years
§ 6-year term
o County judge
§ 4 years
o Supreme court
§ 8-year term
o 70 required retirement age
· Commin problomes
o Over lode of cases
o Decisions can be bad
o Litigis scocity
§ Like to sue over anney thing and evry thing
o Cost
o Over using the plee bargin
Current events
· Elise Stefanik
· Signal gate
o Mike walte natinal secerity adviser resinin-g
o Pete Hegseth secritarey of defince
o Trumps backing but thay are in deep shit
· The shit trumps ben doing over the weekend
o Adult womin who cares eggs grandmas nolonger a women
o Trump wants to spind an ubserd amount of money to exspand the whight house.
Judiciary
· Courts powers
o Appellate court
o Affirm a lower decision
o Reverse lower court desishion
o Remand a case(sind case back to originall court with instructions)
o 1803 marbarey vs maddison (interpret constitutional laws)
o Judichil revue
o Writ of mandannas (court orders) prez inforses it.
· Courts members
o Cheef justice
§ He’ll assighn cases
§ He swares in the presidint
§ He oversees impeechmint
§ Premotted from an assosit justice
§ Or thay can come in frome the out side
§ John robberts cheef justice since 2006
o Conservitives
§ Samula aleto
§ Voice of the conservitives
§ Neal Gorsuch
§ Bret Kavanaugh
§ Amey barret
§ Trump has 3of nine
§ Clarince thomus most senyer member free trips and gifts from millinares befor hering ther casses
§ Thay have no code of ethicks
o Librills
§ Soliciter ginarill
§ Sotomayor
§ Kagan
§ Biden – Jackson
o Trump couled get more picks and have 6 out of 9 of the justises under his choosing
· Judicial selection process
o Haves legal traning
o Former prez
o Accountent
o 850 fedurill judjes
· District
o Senatorial courtesy
o Background check by the fbi and whight house
o American bar assoseation gives a letter grade
o Hearings testify for or aginst you thin vote
· Appeals/justices
· Mootness
o Sue some one for something that has passed
o Cant sue for something done or resolved
· Properness
o Charrey pick your case that rules on every ones elsescase pretaning to a spusifivk right sush as fredome of speech
· Pertition for review of case
o Submit a breef. Short clif notes of the case
o Your atternie has an orill argument
o Yess to have 30 min to present case to supreme court
o Cupple of years agow we get an houre now
o Realisticley thave alredy mad up the minds but we don’t kinow
o The justices will confinice thin they relese ther desishion in a clunm pf otherer cases
o Assin or volinter to wright oppinions
o One majority erights the mijority opinion on why that did what thay did
o Concurring opinion is the same as the mijority for an difrint resone
o Miniority can be used toover turn desishions
· Major cases
o 1857 dred scott v Sandford
§ Scott was a slave for Sandford the medical dr
§ He argues he should have ben free bc he was in a free slave
§ He is compared to a pice of lugige bc he wasint vued as a person
§ hes not free
§ This fiers up the abolishiness
§ Takes rutewith this fulls sivle war
§ Freed by his kids elivater oppurater for rest of his life
§ Re affirms slavurey that thay are property
o 1896 plessy v ferguson
§ The difrint tones of your skin deturmins you statece the lighter the better
§ Plessy is wight passing
§ He gets on a wight onley train and is kicked off for bing black
§ He sues bch es aloud to be on the buss he payed
§ Seppuration of the rasses is constututinall and good
§ Sepret but equle
§ Our constitution is color blind every one is equlw harden
§ 130 years latter hes pardened bc thay relies thay where wrong
o 1954 brown v boared of edjication
§ Linda brown 10 year old middle class wants to go to naberhood school
§ She has to go across town to the “black school” that susks
§ Cheef justuse earl warren
§ Hes pugresive thow prezz thinks hes a conservative
§ Sewes bc thay are sepret but not equle
§ Rules that this is tarible and un constitutinall
§ Clear ther is no eqwule previshion
§ Issues an order for the desegregation of public school
§ Isinhower calls the natinal guared to protect kids and inforce the order
§ Gives activests legle standing to chalinge oppreshion
Civil Liberties
· National surety
o
· Bill of rights (1791)
o Potations to redress
o Freedom of speech
o Freedom of peasfull assembly
o Freedom of religion
o Freedom of the press
· 14th Amendment (1868)
· Focus on freedom of speech
o 1919 schnk v us
§ You cant yell fier in a theater bomb on a plane or tell pouple to burn ther draft cards that’s not protected tn the fredome of speech
o 1973 miller v ca
§ He is a clooege student whering a shirt that sess fuck the draft
§ He ges kicked out and sued
§ Community standerds (if its ok in the cumunity thin its fine)
§ SLAPS test
§ If its of serious litturarey value its protected
§ If its of serious artistick value
§ Serious political value
§ Serious sintifick value
§ This was of serious political value so it was rulled to be fine
o 1976 buckley v valeo
§ You can onley give x amount of money to a canident
§ If you where the canidint this rule is un constitutional
o 1989 texes v jonson