VQ

  • Central nervous system: consists of the brain and spinal cord

  • Peripheral nervous system: the motor and sensory neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

  • Somatic nervous system: the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

  • Autonomic nervous system: the part of the perippheral nervous system that controls the glands of internal organs (heart)

  • Sympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that aorouses the body, mobilizing is energy in stressful situations

  • Parasympathetic nervous system: the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

  • Sensory neurons: neurons that carry incoming information from sensory receptorns to the brain and spinal cord

  • Interneurons: neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

  • Motor neurons: neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

  • Kinethesia: our movement sense- our system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

  • Vestibular sense: our sense of body and movement and positions that enables our sense of balance

  • Dopamine: a neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention, learning, and the brain’s pleasure and reward system

  • Serotonin: affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. Undersupply is linked to depression. Contributes to feelings of well-beign and happiness.

  • Norepinephrine: a neurotransmitter associated with arousal (fight or flight), as well as in learning and modod regulation

  • Glutamate: a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory and learning

  • GABA: it slows down your brain by blocking specific signals in your central nervous system. GABA is known for producing a calming effect. 

  • Endorphins: “morhpine within”- natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure. Body’s natural pain killer

  • Acetycholine: a neurotransmitter that enable learning and memory and also triggers muscle contractions

  • Agonist: a chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

  • Antagonist: chemicals that block receptors- sometimes permanently

  • Cerebellum: balance and coordination

  • Occipital lobe: a region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information

  • Temporal lobe: a region in the cerebral corte responsible for hearing and language

  • Parietal lobe: a region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch-sensory

  • Frontal lobe: associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving

  •  Corpus Callosum: the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

  • Broca’s area: controls language expression- an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

  • Wernicke’s area: controls language reception- a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe

  • Trichromatic theory: theory of color vision that proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green

  • Opponent-process theory: the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulatejd by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green

  • Place theory: in hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear witht he place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

  • Frequency theory: theory of pitch that states that pitch is related to the speed of vibrations in the basilar membrane