Ch. 3 & 4 - Four Validities & Ethics Intro

Chapter 3 Validities Continued

• Three claims and four validities

• Ethical guidelines

Chapter 4 Ethical Guidelines

• Historical examples of ethics violations

• Core ethical principles

• Guidelines for psychologists: The APA Ethical Principles

• Ethical decision making

Prioritizing Validities

• Importance of construct and statistical validity

• Emphasizing internal or external validity

• Meta analyses and "Big data" movement in science

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

• Medical study from the 1930s-1970s

• Ethics violations: lack of respect, harm to participants, targeting disadvantaged group

Milgram Obedience Studies

• Study in the early 1960s

• Ethical questions: stress on participants, lasting effects, balancing risk to participants and society

The Belmont Report (1979)

• Three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, justice

• Informed consent, protection of vulnerable populations, avoiding harm, cost-benefit analysis

Page 30: The Belmont Report (1979)

• Justice

  • Fair balance between those who participate in research and those who benefit from it.

  • Participants' selection process.

  • Representation of people who would benefit from the study.

Supporting Details

• Justice

  • Ensuring fairness in research by balancing the interests of participants and the benefits derived from the study.

  • Ethical consideration of how participants are selected for research studies.

  • Evaluating whether the selected participants represent the population that would benefit from the study.