ITBP (2012)

1. Ergonomics – The study of designing and arranging equipment and accessories in a workspace to maximize productivity.

2. History of Ergonomics – Became a distinct discipline during World War II.

3. Time Management – Prioritizing daily tasks for maximum efficiency.

4. Common Time Wasters – Disorganization, excessive socializing, and ineffective communication.

5. Business – An entity where entrepreneurs use resources to produce goods/services.

6. Free Market System – An economic system where business is conducted freely and independently.

7. Ethics – The study of moral principles guiding behavior in business and life.

8. Utilitarianism – The belief in maximizing the greatest good for the greatest number.

9. Justice – Giving people what is rightfully due to them.

10. Relativism – Ethics are not absolute but vary by situation.

11. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – Businesses acting in the best interests of society.

12. Corporate Governance – The system of rules and practices governing a company.

13. Conflict of Interest – A situation where personal gain interferes with professional duties.

14. Bribery – Offering money or gifts to influence decisions.

15. Whistleblower – Someone who exposes unethical or illegal business practices.

Section 2: Employment & Labor Laws

16. Minimum Wage – The lowest legal wage set by the government.

17. Living Wage – A salary sufficient to meet basic living expenses.

18. Casual Employment – Work that is irregular and lacks benefits.

19. Just Wage – A fair salary that considers the cost of living.

20. Probationary Employment – A trial work period, usually lasting up to six months.

21. Regular Employment – Long-term employment with benefits.

22. At-Will Employment – Employees can be fired at any time without cause (except in illegal situations).

23. Labor Unions – Groups advocating for workers’ rights.

24. Collective Bargaining – Negotiation between employers and employees (via unions).

25. Strike – A work stoppage to demand better conditions.

26. Job Discrimination – Unfair treatment based on non-job-related factors.

27. Equal Pay Act – Requires men and women to receive equal pay for equal work.

28. Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) – Regulates wages, overtime pay, and child labor.

29. Workplace Harassment – Unwanted conduct affecting work conditions.

30. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) – Regulates workplace safety.

31. Workers’ Compensation – Benefits for employees injured on the job.

32. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) – Allows eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical/family reasons.

Section 3: Business Practices & Market Regulations

33. Intellectual Property – Legal protection for creative works and inventions.

34. Copyright – Protects original literary and artistic works.

35. Patent – Protects inventions for a set period.

36. Trademark – Protects business names, logos, and slogans.

37. Reverse Engineering – Analyzing and copying competitors’ products.

38. Price Fixing – Companies illegally agreeing to set prices at a certain level.

39. Monopoly – A single company dominating a market.

40. Oligopoly – A market controlled by a small group of powerful firms.

41. Resource Depletion – Overusing finite natural resources.

42. Greenwashing – Misleading consumers into believing a company is environmentally friendly.

43. Corporate Espionage – The act of spying to obtain business secrets.

44. Tax Evasion – Illegally avoiding taxes.

45. Tax Avoidance – Legally reducing tax liability.

Section 4: Communication & Office Procedures

46. Communication – The most important factor in workplace relationships.

47. Verbal Communication – Spoken exchange of messages.

48. Non-Verbal Communication – Body language, gestures, facial expressions.

49. Feedback – Responses that confirm or clarify a message.

50. Memo (Memorandum) – Internal written communication within a company.

51. Business Letter – A formal written message sent outside the company.

52. Email Etiquette – Keep it concise, professional, and grammatically correct.

53. Chain of Command – The formal hierarchy within an organization.

54. Position Power – Authority given to a role in an organization.

55. Leadership Styles – Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire.

56. Organizational Chart – A diagram showing a company’s structure.

57. Agenda – A list of topics for a meeting.

58. Minutes – A written record of what was discussed in a meeting.

59. Workflow – The movement of information and tasks in an organization.

60. Tickler File – A date-based reminder system.

61. Petty Cash Fund – Small funds for minor expenses.

62. Balance Sheet – A financial statement listing a company’s assets and liabilities.

63. Accounts Payable – Money a company owes to suppliers.

64. Accounts Receivable – Money owed to a company by customers.

Section 5: Business Math & Financial Management

65. Break-Even Point – When total revenue equals total costs.

66. Return on Investment (ROI) – Measures profitability.

67. Profit Margin – Percentage of revenue that becomes profit.

68. Supply and Demand – Economic principle affecting pricing.

69. Inflation – Increase in prices over time.

70. Deflation – Decrease in prices.

71. Interest Rate – Percentage charged on borrowed money.

72. Compound Interest – Interest earned on both principal and accumulated interest.

73. 401(k) Plan – A retirement savings plan.

74. Credit Score – A number that measures creditworthiness.

Section 6: Customer Service & Marketing

75. Customer Service – The support provided to customers before, during, and after purchase.

76. Public Relations (PR) – Managing a company’s image.

77. Branding – Establishing a unique identity for a business.

78. Target Market – A specific group of potential customers.

79. Market Segmentation – Dividing consumers into groups based on demographics.

80. Advertising – Paid promotion of a product or service.

81. Sales Promotion – Short-term incentives to boost sales.

82. Personal Selling – Direct interaction between salesperson and customer.

Section 7: Technology in Business

83. Cybersecurity – Protecting business data from cyber threats.

84. Cloud Computing – Storing and accessing data over the internet.

85. E-Commerce – Buying and selling online.

86. Big Data – Large volumes of data analyzed for business decisions.

87. Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Machines simulating human intelligence.

88. Telecommuting – Working remotely using technology.

89. Networking – Connecting multiple computers and devices.

90. Firewall – A security system preventing unauthorized access.

91. Phishing – Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information.

Section 8: Business Etiquette & Career Development

92. Professionalism – Conducting oneself with responsibility, integrity, and respect.

93. Workplace Diversity – Inclusion of different cultural backgrounds.

94. Resume – A summary of a person’s work experience and skills.

95. Cover Letter – A formal introduction accompanying a resume.

96. Job Interview Etiquette – Arrive on time, dress appropriately, and be prepared.

97. Post-Interview Follow-Up – Send a thank-you letter/email.

98. Career Advancement – Developing skills for job promotions.

99. Networking for Career Growth – Building professional relationships.

100. Professional Development – Continuing education and training in a career field.