Chemistry Synthesis Techniques and Reactions

Synthesis of Aspirin

• Chemicals Used:

  • Salicylic acid
  • Acetic acid
  • Sulfuric acid
  • Ferric chloride

• Techniques:

  • Heating the mixture
  • Ice bath cooling
  • Vacuum filtration
  • Ferric chloride test for purity of aspirin produced

Synthesis of Nerolin

• Chemicals Used:

  • 2-naphthol
  • KOH (Potassium hydroxide)
  • Ethanol
  • Iodoethane

• Techniques:

  • Reflux condenser setup for reaction
  • Pouring mixture over ice for crystallization
  • Vacuum filtration to separate product

Diels-Alder Reaction

• Chemicals Used:

  • Anthracene
  • Maleic anhydride
  • Xylene
  • Hexane

• Techniques:

  • Reflux condenser to facilitate reaction
  • Ice bath cooling to control temperature
  • Vacuum filtration used for product isolation
  • Washing with xylene to purify final product

EAS (Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution) Iodination

• Chemicals Used:

  • 4'-hydroxyacetophenone
  • Ethanol (EtOH)
  • Sodium iodide
  • Bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
  • Sodium thiosulfate
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

• Techniques:

  • Ice bath for temperature control
  • Bleach added to initiate halogenation
  • Acidification process to precipitate product
  • Vacuum filtration for product isolation

Ester Synthesis

• Chemicals Used:

  • 3-methyl-1-butanol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Sulfuric acid
  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Sodium sulfate

• Techniques:

  • Reflux condenser to sustain reaction
  • Extract ether layer after reaction completion
  • Use of drying agent to remove moisture from product

Wittig Reaction

• Chemicals Used:

  • Benzaldehyde
  • Phosphonium bromide (PPh3 chloride)
  • Diethyl ether
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
  • Sodium bisulfite
  • Sodium sulfate

• Techniques:

  • Reflux condenser utilized
  • NaOH added dropwise to control reaction
  • Ether layer extraction performed for product isolation
  • Drying agent used to ensure product purity
  • Melting point (MP) analysis to establish identity

Aldol Condensation

• Chemicals Used:

  • 3-methyl-1-butanol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Sulfuric acid
  • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Sodium sulfate

• Techniques:

  • Ice bath to control temperature during reaction
  • Vacuum filtration for obtaining solid product
  • Ensuring solution is basic to favor aldol formation
  • Melting point analysis to confirm product characteristics.