WEEK-2-The-Philippine-Education-in-the-Philippines

Science and Technology in the Philippines

Early Settlers
- Modern humans (Homo sapiens) arrived around 50,000 years ago from mainland Asia.
- Established communities in Palawan, Batangas, Sulu, Negros, Samar, and Luzon.
Technological Developments
- Creation of simple tools from hard stones; later advancements to copper, gold, bronze, and iron.
- Development of boats like the caracoa for trade and defense.
Trade Relations
- Established trade with Vietnam, China, Borneo, and Malacca by the 10th century A.D.
- Cultural and technological influences from foreign interactions.
Societal Structure
- Barangays as self-sufficient communities with agricultural practices.
- Hunter-gatherer lifestyles persisted in remote areas.
Cultural Aspects
- Belief systems based on superstitions; limited written tradition.

Birth of Modern Science and Technology
- Religious orders influenced educational and technological advancements.
Political and Socio-Economic Changes
- Implementation of the reduccion system to centralize governance.
- Establishment of tribute taxes and compulsory labor.
Educational Developments
- Establishment of schools by religious orders, primarily for the elite.
- Notable institutions: University of Santo Tomas, Ateneo de Manila.
Medical Advancements
- Opening of medical schools; notable figures like Leon Ma. Guerrero.
- Establishment of the Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila for public health studies.
Economic Changes
- Increased agricultural exports post-1789; establishment of the Manila School of Agriculture.
- Galleon trade impacted local industries negatively.

Rapid Advancement in Science and Technology
- Introduction of a secular public education system.
- Establishment of the Department of Public Instruction for free primary education.
Higher Education Expansion
- Creation of the Philippine Normal School for teacher training.
- Increased demand for professional education led to the establishment of private institutions.
Research Institutions
- Bureau of Science established for biological and chemical research.
- Formation of various bureaus (e.g., Bureau of Health, Bureau of Mines) to support scientific research.
Continued Economic Dependence
- Despite educational advancements, the economy remained agriculturally defined.

Political Independence and Scientific Development
- Acknowledgment of the importance of scientific research in the Constitution.
Expansion of Public Education
- Abolishment of Grade VII to accommodate more students.
- Reestablishment of the Office of Private Education.
Economic Initiatives
- Formation of the National Economic Council and various government corporations.
- Increased funding for scientific research, though goals of economic self-reliance were not fully achieved.
Impact of Japanese Occupation
- Destruction of educational and scientific institutions during World War II.

Post-Independence Developments
- Continued support for scientific research and education.
- Establishment of various state and private universities.
Creation of Scientific Institutions
- Formation of the Institute of Science and Technology and the National Science Development Board (NSDB).
- Expansion of research councils and agencies to promote scientific research.
Government Support for Science Careers
- Introduction of a scientific career system to encourage youth in science fields.
- Elevation of the NSDB to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in 1987.
Current Role of DOST
- Supports local scientific efforts and encourages private sector participation in research and development.