It's crucial to be able to label the system and explain the functions of each part.
Testes
The primary functions of the testes are to produce sperm and testosterone.
These functions are influenced by hormones produced by the pituitary gland, which triggers testosterone release.
There are two testicles (testes).
Scrotum
The scrotum is the skin bag holding the testes outside the abdomen, just behind the penis.
This location provides a cooler temperature necessary for sperm production.
Epididymis
The epididymis is a narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens.
Sperm entering the epididymis are initially incomplete, lacking the ability to swim forward (motility).
During their transit in the epididymis, sperm undergo maturation processes necessary for them to acquire motility.
Vas Deferens
The vas deferens connects the testes to the urethra.
It stores and passes sperm towards the exterior.
The seminal vesicles pour secretions into the vas deferens to nourish the sperm and make them mobile.
Seminal Vesicles
The two seminal vesicles are small ducted glands that secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen, about 50-70%.
A vasectomy closes off the vas deferens.
Prostate Gland
The function of the prostate is to secrete a slightly alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance, that usually constitutes 20–30% of the volume of the semen along with other seminal vesicle fluid.
The alkaline fluid helps sperm mature further, enhancing motility, prolonging survival, and improving DNA protection.
Urethra and Penis
The urethra runs from the bladder through the prostate to the penis.
Urine is expelled through the urethra, and during sexual intercourse, semen is expelled.
When a male is sexually aroused, the two columns of spongy tissue on either side of the urethra become engorged with blood, causing the penis to become erect, enabling insertion into the vagina for semen deposition.
Sperm Health and Lifestyle Choices
Lifestyle choices affect the amount and motility of sperm.
Factors like alcohol, drugs, smoking, and an unbalanced diet can negatively impact sperm production and health.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for healthy sperm.
Semen Composition
The prostate and seminal vesicles mix secretions with the sperm to form semen.
These secretions are essential to maintain the sperm in a motile and viable state.
Central Control System
The endocrine system is mainly controlled by the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland controls messages about hormone release relevant to the male sex organ and sperm production.