2026%20circulaation

Circulation: The process of blood flow throughout the heart and blood vessels.
Perfusion: The delivery of oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and organs.
Deoxygenated Blood: Blood that returns from the body into the right atrium via the superior vena cava.
Oxygenated Blood: Blood that is carried from the lungs into the left ventricle and then pumped to the body via the aorta.

Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
Tricuspid Valve: Controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonic Valve: Regulates blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary Arteries: Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary Veins: Return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Mitral Valve: Controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
Aortic Valve: Regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.
Aorta: The main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body.

Pathway: Blood flows from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, moves through the pulmonic valve to the pulmonary arteries, goes to the lungs for oxygenation, returns via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle, and is finally pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta.

Epicardium: The outer layer of the heart wall.
Myocardium: The thick, muscular middle layer responsible for the contraction of the heart.
Endocardium: The inner layer that lines the heart chambers.

Sino-atrial Node (SA): The natural pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium.
Bachmann's Bundle: A conduction pathway that connects the right and left atria.
**Intranodal