SPEAKING

TYPES OF SPEAKING SITUATIONS

a. Interactive - participants alternately speak and listen.

Ex. face-to-face conversations, telephone calls, group meetings

b. Partially interactive only the speaker speaks, and the feedback is the audience's attentiveness, small gestures like nodding, etc.

Ex. giving a speech to a large audience

c. Non-interactive - the audience cannot interact immediately. Ex. Radio/Television broadcast

2. TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE

a. Intimate - This style is private, which occurs between or among close family members or individuals. The language used in this style may not be shared in public.

b. Casual - This style is common among peers and friends. Jargon, slang, or the vernacular language are used.

c. Consultative - This style is the standard one. Professional or mutually acceptable language is a must in this style. Examples of situations are communication between teachers and students, employers and employees, doctor and patient, judge and lawyer or President.

d. Formal - This style is used in formal settings. Unlike the consultative style, this is one way. Examples are sermons of priests and ministers, State of the Nation Address of the President.

e. Frozen - This style is "frozen" in time and remains unchanged. It mostly occurs in ceremonies. Common examples are the Preamble to the Constitution, Lord's Prayer, and Allegiance to country or flag.

3. TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

a. Exploratory/Informative Speech

This type of speech provides information history, theories, practical applications, and etc. that can help the listeners understand something that is unknown to them or already known but not yet clearly understood.

It is also meant to help the listeners understand a topic in a more in-depth manner by providing the following in an organized way:

3. Convey accurate and relevant information

4. Avoid Jargon

5. Read and revise

6. Practice is the key

7. Correct Grammar and Sentence Structure

Elements of a Business Letter

Unlike a social or a friendly letter (whose parts are limited to heading, salutation, body of the letter, complimentary close, and signature) a business letter is composed of the basic and the miscellaneous elements.

Basic Parts

1. Heading

It consists of the sender's address and the dateline (month, day, and year).

2. Inside Address

It consists of the name of the addressee, his designation, his company and its business address.

3. Salutation

It serves as the welcome part of the letter.

4. Body of the Letter the conclusion

It gives the details of the communication and consists of the introduction (purpose), the body (discussion), and appreciation/building (token of goodwill).

5. Complimentary Close

It serves as the farewell part of the letter.

6. Signature Line

It consists of the name of the signatory (sender) and his designation.

Miscellaneous Parts

These parts are optional and therefore may be absent in the letter.

1. Reference Line or Subject Line

It indicates the sequential number of the letter which is used for reference/filing purposes.

2. Enclosure Notation

It refers to the item or items placed inside the envelope, other than the letter.

3. Carbon Copy Notation

It refers to the persons going to receive the letter other than the addressee.

STYLES OF A BUSINESS LETTER

1. Full-Blocked Style

Everything under the letterhead is aligned along the left margin.

2. Semi-Blocked Style

This is exactly the same as the full-blocked except that the first line of each paragraph is indented.

3. Modified-Blocked Style

Certain parts of the letter such as the dateline, the complimentary close, the signature are aligned to the right to help balance the other parts of the letter which have a left-hand alignment.

SPEAKING

Speaking is an act of making vocal sounds. It is a verbal skill that involves words and sounds. It is a complex cognitive and linguistic skill.