Copy of 2023 WWII Review Sheet - Danica Fernley

Danforth C&TI

CHC2D – World War Two Review Sheet

By looking through information presented in class on handouts, and in the notes you’ve received in class, you should be able to thoroughly review for your 1930s and World War Two Test. The test will be composed of 3 sections: multiple choice and/or matching, identify and give the historical importance, and short answer questions. On this test you will be responsible for the following content:

The Road to War (Underlying Causes)

Treaty of Versailles

  • Germany was forced to accept blame for WWI

  • Germany lost land, military power, and had to pay reparations

  • Caused anger and economic hardship in Germany

Emergence of New Countries After WWI

  • New countries created from old empires (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia)

  • Borders caused ethnic tensions and instability

Rise of Fascism

  • Fascist dictators promised strong leadership and nationalism

  • Leaders included Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Germany

Failure of the League of Nations

  • Could not stop aggressive countries from invading others

  • Had no military power

Non-Intervention

  • Britain and France avoided involvement in conflicts like the Spanish Civil War

Appeasement

  • Britain and France gave in to Hitler’s demands to avoid war

  • Example: allowing Germany to take the Sudetenland

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

  • Germany and USSR agreed not to attack each other

  • Secretly planned to divide Poland

Trigger

  • Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939

  • Britain and France declared war on Germany

Canada At War

Effects on the Homefront

  • Factories produced weapons, vehicles, and supplies

  • Rationing of food, gas, and materials

  • Economy improved because of wartime production

Women’s Roles

  • Women worked in factories and military support jobs

  • Some joined the armed forces as nurses and clerks

Minorities in Canada

  • Many Indigenous, Black, and Asian Canadians served despite discrimination

Japanese Canadian internment

  • Japanese Canadians were forced from homes and placed in camps after Pearl Harbor

  • Property was confiscated

Conscription Crisis of 1944

  • Debate over forcing Canadians to serve overseas

  • Strong opposition in Quebec

WWII Battles

The Attack on Western Europe (Blitzkrieg)

  • “Lightning war” using fast tanks, planes, and troops

  • Germany quickly conquered Poland and France

Battle of the Atlantic

  • German U-boats attacked Allied supply ships

  • Canada played a major role protecting convoys

Dunkirk evacuation

  • Allied soldiers rescued from France by boats

Battle of Britain

  • Germany tried to defeat Britain with air attacks

  • Britain’s air force successfully defended the country

Attack on Pearl Harbor / Battle of Hong Kong

  • Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the USA into the war

  • Canadian soldiers in Hong Kong were defeated and captured

Dieppe Raid

  • Failed Allied attack led by many Canadian troops

  • Heavy casualties but important lessons learned

Italy / Battle of Ortona

  • Canadians fought difficult urban battles in Italy

Normandy landings (D-Day)

  • Allied forces landed in Normandy on June 6, 1944

  • Turning point in Western Europe

Liberation of Netherlands

  • Canadian troops helped free the Netherlands from Nazi occupation

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

  • U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Japan

  • Japan surrendered shortly after

The Holocaust

The Evolution of Hitler’s Final Solution

  • Nazi plan to eliminate Jewish people and other targeted groups

  • About 6 million Jewish people were murdered

Stages of Isolation:

  1. Anti-Jewish laws

  2. Ghettos

  3. Concentration camps

  4. Extermination camps

MS St. Louis incident

  • Ship carrying Jewish refugees was denied entry to Canada and other countries

  • Many passengers later died in the Holocaust

Overview

Start date (official):

  • September 1, 1939

V-E Day:

  • May 8, 1945 (Victory in Europe)

V-J Day:

  • August 15, 1945 (Victory over Japan)

Alliances

Allied Powers:

  • Britain

  • France

  • Canada

  • USA

  • Soviet Union (USSR)

Axis Powers:

  • Germany

  • Italy

  • Japan

Leaders

Canada:

  • William Lyon Mackenzie King

USA:

  • Franklin D. Roosevelt

  • Harry S. Truman

Britain:

  • Winston Churchill

Soviet Union (USSR):

  • Joseph Stalin

Germany:

  • Adolf Hitler

Italy:

  • Benito Mussolini

Japan:

  • Hideki Tojo

Best of luck!!