COMP-20023_Computer-Programming-1 lesson 1
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Introduction to computers, software, problem solving, and programming concepts
Objectives of the instructional material
Course material recommendations
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Definition and explanation of computer hardware
Examples of computer hardware components
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Definition and explanation of software
Types of software: system software and application software
Differences between software and hardware
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Explanation of program and programming
Five-step process of programming: problem definition, program design, program coding, program testing, program documentation
Details of each step in the programming process
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Errors in programming can be typographical or logic errors
Typographical errors are incorrect format or statements
Logic errors are caused by incorrect use of control structures
Documentation of the program is important for users, operators, and programmers
User documentation helps users understand how to use the program
Operator documentation guides computer operators when there is an error message
Program documentation helps train new programmers to maintain the system
Program logic formulation is the step-by-step development of a solution to a problem
Flowchart and algorithm are tools used in program logic formulation
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Flowchart is a tool used in program logic formulation
Flowchart consists of boxes with instructions connected by lines
Symbols used in flowcharts include data, sequential access storage, direct access storage, documents, display, loop limit, terminal, input/output, processing, decision, arrowheads/flow lines, connector, and initialization/preparation
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Types of flowcharts include system flowchart and program flowchart
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System flowchart represents the flow of a targeted system as a whole
Example of a system flowchart is the computation of midterm grades
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Program flowchart describes processing procedures based on detailed analysis
Flowchart development should be organized, understandable, and clear
Structured flowcharts are designed using three basic methods of control
Sequential method is the simplest, where steps are performed in a strictly sequential manner
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Selection Structure
One of several alternative actions is selected and executed
Uses decision based on the given condition
Uses decision block or the diamond-shaped block
Alternative action represented by a processing block
Figure 1-3 Flowchart that determines if the average of the student is "PASSING" or "FAILING"
START
AVE = 0
INPUT AVE
IF AVE > 75
YES
OUTPUT "PASSING"
NO
OUTPUT "FAILING"
STOP
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Figure 1-4 shows the flowchart that will determine the positive and negative number
START
A = 0
INPUT A
IF A < 0
YES
YES
NO
IF A == 0
OUTPUT "NEGATIVE"
OUTPUT "INVALID"
NO
OUTPUT "POSITIVE"
STOP
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Repetition Structure
One or more steps is performed repeatedly
Figure 1-5 Shows the flowchart for the printing of all odd numbers from 1-10
START
N = 0
ODD = 0
LOOP 1 TILL N = 10
IF ODD == 1
N = N + 1
ODD = N % 2
YES
OUTPUT N
NOPage 17
Activities/Assessments:
PROGRAMMING
Write an algorithm(flowchart and pseudocode for the following problem.
PROGRAMMING EXERCISE 1-1
The volume of a rectangular box is given by the formula, V=length * width * height.
Design a program that will calculate and display the volume of a box whose dimensions are specified by the user.
Prepare a program that converts hours to minutes only.
PROGRAMMING EXERCISE 1-2
A typical conversion should write the message 3 hours is equal to 180 minutes.
Consider three numbers a, b, and c.
Write a program that will compute and display their sum, difference, product, quotients (a/ b/ c) and the sum of their squares.
PROGRAMMING EXERCISE 1-3
A supermarket sells bags of mixed candies.
Four types of candies are offered.
Candy a costs Php. 35.00/kg;
Candy B cost Php. 45.00/ kg;
Candy C cost Php. 56.00/kg;
Candy D cost Php. 57.50 kg.
Write a program that will calculate and print the amount of bag of candies in terms of the weight of each type of candy as