Comprehensive Trilingual Time and Calendar Vocabulary Guide: English, Spanish, and Korean

Temporal Units and Day Divisions (Page 37, Items 1–10)

Item (1) — Basic Unit of a Day
- English: day (Korean pronunciation: 데이)
- Spanish: día (Korean pronunciation: 디아)
- Korean Meaning: 일, 하루 (day / one full day)
- Linguistic Note: In Spanish, although día ends in -a, it is an exception to standard gender rules and is grammatically masculine (el día, los días).
Item (2) — Weekly Unit
- English: week (Korean pronunciation: 위크)
- Spanish: semana (Korean pronunciation: 세마나)
- Korean Meaning: 주 (week)
- Linguistic Note: In Spanish, semana is grammatically feminine (la semana, las semanas).
Item (3) — Monthly Unit
- English: month (Korean pronunciation: 먼스)
- Spanish: mes (Korean pronunciation: 메스)
- Korean Meaning: 달/월 (month)
- Linguistic Note: In Spanish, mes is masculine (el mes, plural los meses).
Item (4) — Annual Unit
- English: year (Korean pronunciation: 이어)
- Spanish: año (Korean pronunciation: 아뇨)
- Korean Meaning: 해/년 (year)
- Linguistic Note: In Spanish, año is masculine (el año, los años). The letter ñ produces the palatal nasal sound transcribed in Korean as 뇨.
Item (5) — Working Days
- English: weekday (Korean pronunciation: 위크데이)
- Spanish: día laborable (Korean pronunciation: 디아 라보라블레)
- Korean Meaning: 평일 (weekday / working day)
- Linguistic Breakdown: Compound expression in Spanish consisting of the masculine noun día and the adjective laborable (workable / working).
Item (6) — End of the Week
- English: weekend (Korean pronunciation: 위크엔드)
- Spanish: fin de semana (Korean pronunciation: 핀 데 세마나)
- Korean Meaning: 주말 (weekend)
- Linguistic Breakdown: Spanish phrase literally translating to "end of week" (fin = end, de = of, semana = week).
Item (7) — Morning Division
- English: morning (Korean pronunciation: 모닝)
- Spanish: mañana (Korean pronunciation: 마냐나)
- Korean Meaning: 오전, 아침 (morning / a.m.)
- Linguistic Note: In Spanish, la mañana refers to the morning. When used as an adverb without an article, mañana means "tomorrow".
Item (8) — Afternoon Division
- English: afternoon (Korean pronunciation: 애프터눈)
- Spanish: tarde (Korean pronunciation: 따르데)
- Korean Meaning: 오후 (afternoon / p.m.)
- Linguistic Note: In Spanish, tarde is feminine (la tarde). As an adverb, tarde means "late".
Item (9) — Evening Division
- English: evening (Korean pronunciation: 이브닝)
- Spanish: el atardecer (Korean pronunciation: 엘 아따르데세르)
- Korean Meaning: 저녁 (evening / dusk / twilight)
- Linguistic Breakdown: Formed from the nominalized infinitive atardecer (to grow dark / late afternoon into dusk) preceded by the masculine definite article el.
Item (10) — Night Division
- English: night (Korean pronunciation: 나이트)
- Spanish: la noche (Korean pronunciation: 라 노체)
- Korean Meaning: 밤 (night)
- Linguistic Note: In Spanish, noche is feminine (la noche).

Seasons and Days of the Week (Page 38, Items 11–18)

Item (11) — Seasonal Division
- English: season (Korean pronunciation: 시즌)
- Spanish: estación (Korean pronunciation: 에스타시온)
- Korean Meaning: 계절 / 절기 (season / seasonal division / solar term)
- Linguistic Note: Nouns ending in -ción in Spanish are grammatically feminine (la estación, plural las estaciones). It also denotes a "station" depending on context.
Item (12) — First Day of the Workweek
- English: Monday (Korean pronunciation: 먼데이)
- Spanish: lunes (Korean pronunciation: 루네스)
- Korean Meaning: 월요일 (Monday)
- Linguistic Note: Days of the week in Spanish are masculine (el lunes). Plural forms for weekdays ending in -s remain unchanged in spelling (los lunes).
Item (13) — Second Day of the Workweek
- English: Tuesday (Korean pronunciation: 튜즈데이)
- Spanish: martes (Korean pronunciation: 마르테스)
- Korean Meaning: 화요일 (Tuesday)
- Linguistic Note: Masculine noun (el martes, plural los martes). Derived etymologically from the Roman god Mars.
Item (14) — Midweek Day
- English: Wednesday (Korean pronunciation: 웬즈데이)
- Spanish: miércoles (Korean pronunciation: 미에르꼴레스)
- Korean Meaning: 수요일 (Wednesday)
- Linguistic Note: Masculine noun (el miércoles, plural los miércoles). Carries a written tilde (accent mark) on the letter e to indicate proparoxytone stress (esdrújula).
Item (15) — Fourth Day of the Workweek
- English: Thursday (Korean pronunciation: 써스데이)
- Spanish: jueves (Korean pronunciation: 후에베스)
- Korean Meaning: 목요일 (Thursday)
- Linguistic Note: Masculine noun (el jueves, plural los jueves). The Spanish j is pronounced as a voiceless velar/uvular fricative, transcribed phonetically in Korean with ㅎ (후에베스).
Item (16) — Final Day of the Workweek
- English: Friday (Korean pronunciation: 프라이데이)
- Spanish: viernes (Korean pronunciation: 비에르네스)
- Korean Meaning: 금요일 (Friday)
- Linguistic Note: Masculine noun (el viernes, plural los viernes). In Spanish phonology, the letter v is pronounced identically to b (bilabial plosive/approximant), transcribed in Korean as ㅂ (비에르네스).
Item (17) — First Day of the Weekend
- English: Saturday (Korean pronunciation: 새터데이)
- Spanish: sábado (Korean pronunciation: 사바도)
- Korean Meaning: 토요일 (Saturday)
- Linguistic Note: Masculine noun (el sábado, plural los sábados). Features an accent mark on the first syllable (á) indicating antepenultimate stress.
Item (18) — Second Day of the Weekend
- English: Sunday (Korean pronunciation: 선데이)
- Spanish: domingo (Korean pronunciation: 도밍고)
- Korean Meaning: 일요일 (Sunday)
- Linguistic Note: Masculine noun (el domingo, plural los domingos). Etymologically linked to the Latin Dominus (Lord / Day of the Lord).

Calendar Months (Page 38, Items 19–20)

Item (19) — First Month of the Year
- English: January (Korean pronunciation: 재뉴어리)
- Spanish: enero (Korean pronunciation: 에네로)
- Korean Meaning: 1월 (January)
- Linguistic Note: All months of the year in Spanish are grammatically masculine (el mes de enero or simply enero). Unlike English, months are not capitalized in standard Spanish writing unless positioned at the beginning of a sentence.
Item (20) — Second Month of the Year
- English: February (Korean pronunciation: 페브루어리)
- Spanish: febrero (Korean pronunciation: 페브레로)
- Korean Meaning: 2월 (February)
- Linguistic Note: Masculine noun (febrero). Uncapitalized in standard Spanish running text.

Comparative Multilingual Master Reference Table

Items 1 through 10 (Page 37):
- (1) | English: day (데이) | Spanish: día (디아) | Korean: 일, 하루
- (2) | English: week (위크) | Spanish: semana (세마나) | Korean: 주
- (3) | English: month (먼스) | Spanish: mes (메스) | Korean: 달/월
- (4) | English: year (이어) | Spanish: año (아뇨) | Korean: 해/년
- (5) | English: weekday (위크데이) | Spanish: día laborable (디아 라보라블레) | Korean: 평일
- (6) | English: weekend (위크엔드) | Spanish: fin de semana (핀 데 세마나) | Korean: 주말
- (7) | English: morning (모닝) | Spanish: mañana (마냐나) | Korean: 오전, 아침
- (8) | English: afternoon (애프터눈) | Spanish: tarde (따르데) | Korean: 오후
- (9) | English: evening (이브닝) | Spanish: el atardecer (엘 아따르데세르) | Korean: 저녁
- (10) | English: night (나이트) | Spanish: la noche (라 노체) | Korean: 밤
Items 11 through 20 (Page 38):
- (11) | English: season (시즌) | Spanish: estación (에스타시온) | Korean: 계절 / 절기
- (12) | English: Monday (먼데이) | Spanish: lunes (루네스) | Korean: 월요일
- (13) | English: Tuesday (튜즈데이) | Spanish: martes (마르테스) | Korean: 화요일
- (14) | English: Wednesday (웬즈데이) | Spanish: miércoles (미에르꼴레스) | Korean: 수요일
- (15) | English: Thursday (써스데이) | Spanish: jueves (후에베스) | Korean: 목요일
- (16) | English: Friday (프라이데이) | Spanish: viernes (비에르네스) | Korean: 금요일
- (17) | English: Saturday (새터데이) | Spanish: sábado (사바도) | Korean: 토요일
- (18) | English: Sunday (선데이) | Spanish: domingo (도밍고) | Korean: 일요일
- (19) | English: January (재뉴어리) | Spanish: enero (에네로) | Korean: 1월
- (20) | English: February (페브루어리) | Spanish: febrero (페브레로) | Korean: 2월