19th century industrialization

  • Clay’s American System

    • similar to Commonwealth System (state mercantilism, states pay for improvements?)

    • high tariff → protect American industry + money for government

    • high public land prices

    • Bank of US to stabilize currency

    • internal improvements (roads and canals), financed by tariffs

  • turnpikes connect the nation

  • Erie Canal by the Commonwealth System

  • Robert Fulton’s steamboat

  • railroads replace horses

    • built by immigrants and slaves

  • freight rates are cheaper

  • a lot of new patents, new inventions

  • Eli Whitney’s 1791 cotton gin + interchangeable part rifles

  • telegraph

  • transatlantic cable

  • business-friendly environment

    • Fletcher v. Peck

    • Dartmouth v. Woodward

    • McCulloch v. Maryland

    • Gibbons v. Ogden

  • laissez-faire

  • widening wealth gap

  • Samuel Slater = father of the factory system

  • Lowell/Walthan System

    • spinning and weaving

    • company town

    • strikes

  • Working Men’s Parties: local, social, weak, in response to corruption

  • Commonwealth v. Hunt: unions are legal

  • East: industrial + urban

  • South: rural, cotton, slavery

  • Midwest: industrializing, breadbasket

  • population center is shifting west

  • most people are still in agriculture, just less than before

  • Know-Nothing Party/American Party

    • nativist

    • anti-Catholic

    • anti-Irish