Plant-Animal-Cell-Diagrams

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

General Overview

  • Plant and animal cells have different structures and functions but share several organelles.

Page 1: Cell Structures

  • Cross-Section of an Animal Cell

  • Cross-Section of a Plant Cell

Page 2: Plant Cells

  • Shape: Most plant cells are squarish or rectangular.

  • Amyloplast:

    • Stores starch.

    • Found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits.

  • Cell Membrane:

    • Thin layer of protein and fat surrounding the cell.

    • Semipermeable, allowing selective substance passage.

  • Cell Wall:

    • Thick, rigid layer made of cellulose fibers.

    • Provides support and structure to plant cells.

  • Chloroplast:

    • Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis (turns sunlight into glucose and oxygen).

    • Elongated or disc-shaped organelle.

  • Cytoplasm:

    • Jellylike substance where organelles reside.

  • Golgi Body (Apparatus/Complex):

    • Sac-like organelle that modifies, processes, and packages proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

  • Lysosome:

    • Contains digestive enzymes for nutrient digestion.

  • Mitochondrion:

    • Converts energy from glucose to ATP (energy for the cell).

    • Spherical to rod-shaped with a double membrane and cristae.

  • Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds the nucleus.

  • Nucleolus: Produces ribosomal RNA.

  • Nucleus: Contains DNA, controls cell functions.

  • Ribosome: Site of protein synthesis.

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER):

    • Interconnected membrane sacs with ribosomes.

    • Transports materials and produces proteins.

  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER):

    • Produces lipids and membrane proteins.

    • Buds off from Rough ER.

  • Vacuole:

    • Large, fluid-filled space maintaining cell shape and water balance.

  • Vesicle:

    • Small membrane-bound space for transport and storage.

Page 3: Animal Cells

  • Shape: Most animal cells are roundish or irregular.

  • Cell Membrane:

    • Thin layer surrounding the cell, semipermeable.

  • Centriole:

    • Forms microtubules during cell division and assists in chromosome separation.

  • Cytoplasm: Same as in plant cells.

  • Golgi Body: Same functions as in plant cells.

  • Lysosome: Same functions as in plant cells.

  • Mitochondrion: Same energy conversion functions as in plant cells.

  • Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds the nucleus.

  • Nucleolus: Same function as in plant cells.

  • Nucleus: Controls cell functions, contains DNA.

  • Ribosome: Same function as in plant cells.

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER): Same structure and function as in plant cells.

  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER): Same as in plant cells.

  • Vacuole:

    • Smaller than plant cell vacuoles; stores food and waste materials.

  • Vesicle: Same function as in plant cells.

Page 4: Venn Diagram Comparison

  • Directions to compare plant and animal cells using terms from provided word box.

Common Organelles

  • Cell Membrane

  • Cytoplasm

  • Nucleus

  • Ribosome

  • Mitochondria

Unique to Plant Cells

  • Cell Wall

  • Chloroplast

  • Vacuole

  • Amyloplast

Unique to Animal Cells

  • Centriole

  • Lysosome

  • Smaller vacuoles

Page 5: Visual Cross-Sections

  • Cross-Section of an Animal Cell: Includes details of cell membrane, centrosome, lysosome, cytoplasm, rough er, nucleus, nucleolus, smooth er, nuclear membrane, ribosomes, vacuole, golgi body, and mitochondrion.

  • Cross-Section of a Plant Cell: Includes details of cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, centrosome, nucleus, rough er, nucleolus, smooth er, nuclear membrane, ribosomes, chloroplast, golgi body, and mitochondrion.