Audio Media
Page 1: Introduction to Audio Media
Overview of media recording technology, the recording industry, and radio.
Page 2: The First Recorded Voice
Significance of the first recorded voice in audio history.
Mention of a 10-second sound snippet.
Page 3: Edison's Phonograph
Thomas Edison's invention, the phonograph, as a crucial advance in sound recording technology.
Page 4: Gramophone
The Gramophone PATHEPHONE No. 6, a notable recording device in 1908.
Reference to revoxmania.com as a source for historical context.
Page 5: Victrola
Introduction to the Victrola as a significant player in the music industry.
Page 6: Business Models in the Music Industry
The music industry’s history with technology disruptions.
Discussion of how disruptions usually benefit the recording industry despite some delays (e.g., Digital Media).
Page 7: Disruption 1: Sheet Music vs. Recorded Music
Advertisement for two new song hits in "The Saturday Evening Post."
The evolution from sheet music to recorded music; Sheet music once dominated entertainment.
Page 8: Enrico Caruso, the Record Star
Enrico Caruso, who signed with Victor in 1906, and his massive influence on the record industry.
Caruso’s earnings: $5 million from recordings, $400 per recording, plus royalties.
Page 9: Mamie Smith and "Crazy Blues"
Mamie Smith’s “Crazy Blues” (1920): the first album by an African-American artist to achieve one million sales.
Original category of “race records” which later evolved into “rhythm and blues.”
Page 10: Rudy Vallee and Teen Idols
Introduction of Rudy Vallee, referred to as a “teen idol” from the late 1920s.
Page 11: Bing Crosby's Impact
Bing Crosby’s “Temptation” (1933) and the advancement of recording technology enhancing deeper voice recordings.
Page 12: Recording Technology: Cylinders
Mention of cylinders as an early form of audio recording from 1819.
Acknowledgment of Edison and his contributions.
Page 13: Recording Technology: Records
Overview of the evolution and significance of records in music history.
Page 14: Recording Technology: Tapes
Development and details regarding tape recording technology, including different models and brands.
Page 15: Digital Recording Technology
Transition to digital recording technology and its initial release on discs.
Page 16: Disruption: Digital Piracy
Context of piracy in the digital age: The rise of platforms like The Pirate Bay and Napster.
Page 17: Streaming Services
Introduction and rise of music streaming services such as TIDAL, Spotify, and Google Music.
Page 18: Today's Music Business Model
Exploration of contemporary music purchasing and artist compensation.
Page 19: Historical Context: Radio
Mention of the telegraph's significance before the advent of radio.
Page 20: Cultural Impact of Radio
Reference to the Titanic and its relation to advancements in radio technology.
Page 21: KDKA and Commercial Radio
KDKA's significance as the first commercial radio broadcast, including the aired 1920 presidential election results.
Page 22: Harding and Radio in the White House
Radio installation in the White House during Harding’s presidency (1922).
Page 23: Radio Developments
Overview of early radio advancements and challenges.
Page 24: The 1927 Radio Act
Establishment of the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) due to the 1927 Radio Act.
Discussion of licensing regulations for radio stations.
Page 25: The 1934 Communications Act
Creation of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowing the government to regulate radio licenses.
Page 26: Race and Radio Regulations
Discussion on how the FRC and FCC aim to fulfill the public good through radio.
Page 27: Ethnically Diverse Radio
Insights into the potential of ethnically diverse radio programming.
Page 28: Functions of Early Radio
Early American radio's role in broadcasting religious services and educational content.
Variety of music played to a diverse audience.
Page 29: Target Audience of Early Radio
Focus on how radio served immigrants, people of color, and the working class.
Page 30: Jazz and Culture
Introduction to Louis Armstrong and his influence on jazz music (e.g., "Tight Like This" - 1928).
Page 31: Defining the Public Good
Mainstream media's definitions surrounding the public good in radio.
Concerns about political biases and educational programming.
Page 32: Early Radio Networks
Overview of the early American radio networks, including CBS and NBC.
Page 33: David Sarnoff vs. Edwin Armstrong
Impactful rivalry leading to Armstrong’s tragic end; inventor of FM.
Context surrounding Armstrong's contributions and personal struggles.
Page 34: Telecommunications Act of 1996
The impact of the Telecommunications Act on radio ownership and consolidation.
Page 35: Consequences of Ownership Consolidation
Discussion of the effects of ownership consolidation on programming diversity, local music scenes, and job loss.
Page 36: Changing Music Consumption
Examination of how modern audiences consume music and the evolution of radio.