Unit 1: The Organization of the Body (Modules: 1-8, Chapters 1-4) Module 1 & 2: A&P Intro., Criteria Life, Levels Organization (Chapter 1) • Define

Study Guide Overview

Unit 1: The Organization of the Body

Module 1 & 2: A&P Intro

  • Anatomy & Physiology: Study of body structure and function.

  • Characteristics of Living Things: Growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, metabolism.

  • Levels of Organization: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.

  • Metabolism: All chemical reactions in the body.

  • Major Body Systems: Circulatory, respiratory, digestive, etc.

Module 3: Homeostasis

  • Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable internal conditions.

  • Feedback Loops: Components include sensor, control center, effector.

  • Positive vs. Negative Feedback: Positive enhances change; negative counteracts change.

Module 4: Terminology

  • Directional Terms: Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, etc.

  • Anatomical Position: Standard reference position.

  • Body Cavities: Cranial, thoracic, abdominal, etc.

  • Abdominal Regions: RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ.

Module 5: Cellular Chemistry

  • Basic Terms: Matter, element, atom, molecule, compound.

  • Atomic Structure: Determines interactions; includes ionic, covalent bonds.

  • pH Scale: Normal blood pH ~7.4.

Module 6: Cell Structure

  • Cell as Fundamental Unit: Basic life structure.

  • Organelles: Nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, etc.

Module 7: Movement of Molecules

  • Transport Mechanisms: Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, etc.

  • Fluid Environments: Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic.

Module 8: Cellular Processes

  • Cell Cycle: Phases of cell division.

  • Mitosis: Steps include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

  • DNA vs. RNA: Structure and function differences.

  • Protein Synthesis: Transcription and translation processes.