WEEK 4 D1: ORIGINS OF GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY + MIGRATION

The Primal Urge: Origins of a connected world

  • The history of globalization is often viewed through the lens “the hardwired perspective“

    • globalization began with our ancestors in Africa roughly 50,000 years ago

    • human urge to make life better

    • Human activity is naturally geared toward

      • commerce

      • religion

      • politics

      • warfare/conquest

PERSPECTIVES ON THE START OF GLOBALIZATION

  1. HARDWIRED

    1. it is part of our basic need to make lives better, hence why globalization happened

  2. CYCLES

    1. it is the view that globalization is along term cyclical process and that tracing its origin is a daunting task

    2. this view opens the idea that other global ages have appeared before us

  3. EPOCHS

    1. this view proposes the idea that there are waves which became the foundation of globalization

    2. These are

      1. 4th-7th century - globalization of religion

        1. proved that religions have spread and scattered on a global scale

        2. religion was considered a non territorial touchstone of identity

      2. 15th-17th century - European colonial conquests

      3. 18th-19th century - Intra european wars

      4. mid 19th century-1918 - European imperialism

      5. post world war 2

      6. post cold war

      7. late 20th century - rise of multinational corporations and the internet

  4. EVENTS

    1. it is the view wherein globalization is related to specific events in history as the origin of globalization

  5. BROAD CHANGES

    1. these broad changes including the emergence of the US as a global power, the emergence of MNCs and the demise of the Soviet union and the end of the cold war are considered the origins of globalization

GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

  • DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION IS A SINGULAR HISTORICAL PERIOD DURING WHICH MORTALITY AND FERTILITY RATES DECLINE FROM HIGH TO LOW LEVELS IN A PARTICULAR COUNTRY OR REGION

  • HISTORY

    • mid/late 1700s in Europe

      • this lasted for 200 years in France, 100 for the US

    • 20th century

      • this is the time that mortality declined in Africa and Asia except Japan

      • life expectancy in India was only 24 years old in the early parts of the 20th century

        • this reached China in 1929 up until 1931

      • Fertility decline in Asia began only from 1950s onwards

        • Japan’s fertility decline began in 1930

      • baby boom

        • in asia and the developing world, it was caused by the decline of mortality rates among infants and children

        • for the west, it arose from rising birth rates

      • In 1820 the life expectancy at birth of Japan and the west was 12 years greater than other countries

    • In the future (2150)

      • the united nations projected that much of the population growth will shift towards Africa as a result of higher fertility rates, decreasing child mortality rates and a population comprised of mostly young people