Nursing Aptitude Test Reviewer Notes

Homeostasis and Body Processes

Homeostasis: The process by which the body regulates its temperature.
Osmosis: A process illustrated by a specific setup (described visually, but not in text).
Water molecules flow from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution during osmosis.
Water flows from the soil into roots via osmosis.
Dogs take in oxygen during inspiration through passive diffusion.

Functional Units of Organs

Lungs: The functional unit of the lungs is the alveoli.
Kidney: The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

Brain Lobes and Functions

Temporal Lobe: Associated with hearing.
Occipital Lobe: Associated with vision.
Cerebellum Injury: An injury to the cerebellum can cause difficulty in balancing.

Semicircular Canals

Location: Semicircular canals are located in the ears.
Function: They are responsible for balance.

Diagnostic Tests

Flame Test: Used to identify potassium, sodium, and calcium.
Iodine Test: Used to identify starch (e.g., in potatoes).

Human Skeleton

Number of Bones: The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
Spinal Column: The spinal column has 33 vertebrae.
Femur: The longest bone in the human body.
Skull: Consists of 22 bones.
Stapes: The smallest bone in the human body.

Nursing Procedures and Patient Care

Handwashing: A nurse should wash their hands immediately before performing any procedure.
Electrolyte Imbalance Risk: A child who is vomiting and has diarrhea is at the greatest risk of electrolyte imbalance.
Reflective Technique: When a patient says, “This is no way to live,” a reflective response is “You sound discouraged today.”
Vitamin Education: Further teaching about vitamins is needed if a patient states, “Vitamins can be taken without the fear of toxic effects.”
Constipation: A nurse should encourage a constipated patient to eat fresh fruit and whole wheat bread.
Hemorrhage Assessment: Additional signs of hemorrhage include pain, increased respiration rate, tachycardia and fever.
COPD Exacerbation: The first intervention for a patient with an exacerbation of COPD in respiratory distress is to assist the patient into a sitting position at 90 degrees.
Impaired Gas Exchange: Interventions for a patient with impaired gas exchange due to lung cancer include applying oxygen via nasal cannula, planning for 6 small meals a day with the dietitian, placing the patient in respiratory isolation, and listening to lung sounds every shift.

Parathyroid Hormone

Parathyroid hormone production does NOT cause dissolving of calcium phosphate crystals present in bones.
Parathyroid hormone WILL alter a person’s entire metabolism
Parathyroid hormone WILL travel from the site of production to the site of action via the circulatory system

Hormones

Hormones do NOT catalyze a metabolic reaction.
Production of parathyroid hormone is turned on by low concentrations of calcium ions in extracellular fluids.
The hypothalamus is the master control center of the endocrine system.
Production and secretion of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) will NOT lead to production of thyroid stimulating hormone by the thyroid gland.
Cells that can live with or without oxygen are known as facultative anaerobes.
Epinephrine is secreted from the adrenal medulla.
Peptide hormones act through second messengers.
The role of insulin is to allow cells to take in glucose.
Several hours after a meal, the glucose levels will be low so the alpha cells will continue to secrete insulin.
In Type II diabetes, the cells in the Islets of Langerhans are defective.
The Islets of Langerhans are found in the pancreas.
Insulin is secreted by the beta cells.
The hormone calcitonin is secreted by the parafollicular cells found in the thyroid gland.
Iodine is needed for thyroxin production.
Goitre is used to describe the enlargement of the thyroid.
Goitre occurs because of deficiency of iodine in diet.

Genetics and Bonds

A pair of genes that control two contrasting characters are called alleles.
If a pair of genes that control two contrasting characters are the same, the genotype is said to be homozygous.
The bond formed between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sodium chloride (NaCl) is referred to as an ionis bond.
The bond formed between hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) in water (H2O) molecule is referred to as a covalent bond.
The bond that exists between water (H2O) molecules is referred to as a hydrogen bond.

Nursing Procedures

When following standard precautions, a nurse would wear gloves when providing oral hygiene.
The best method to assess an alert client’s temperature who is admitted to the hospital with dehydration secondary to vomiting and diarrhea is oral.
When a nurse obtains a client’s pulse and finds the rate to be above normal, the nurse documents this finding as tachycardia.
To use a wide base support when assisting a client to get up in a chair, the nurse should spread his or her feet apart.
The best method to take the body temperature of a client who had oral surgery following a motor vehicle accident and the nurse assessing the client finds the skin flushed and warm may be axillary.
When performing mouth care on an unconscious client, the best position is side lying.
When a client is hospitalized for the first time, keeping unnecessary furniture out of the way will ensure the safety of the client.
When a walk-in client enters into the clinic with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and diarrhea and the nurse takes the client’s vital signs, the nurse is implementing the assessment phase of the nursing process.
The nursing process is best described as a systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing care for the individual, families, group and community.
Exchange of gases takes place in the lungs.
The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the left atrium.
The stomach is a muscular enlarge pouch or sac that lies slightly to the left which is used for temporary storage of food.
The body’s ability to defend itself against scientific invading agents such as bacteria, toxin, viruses and foreign body is immunity.
The hormone secreted by Islets of Langerhans is insulin.
The cornea is a transparent membrane that focuses the light that enters the eyes to the retina.
Maintenance of a sufficient intake of air is included in Orem’s theory.
Love and belonging, Physiologic needs and Self-actualization are all included in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Acute illness is characterized by severe symptoms relatively of short duration.
The nurse’s role in the health promotion is to teach client to be effective health consumer.
A community is described as a collection of people who share some attributes of their lives.
Five teaspoons is equivalent to 25 ml.
1800 ml is equal to 1.8 liters.
The abbreviation of drops is Gtts.
The abbreviation for micro drop is µgtt.
PRN means When necessary.
CBR means Complete Bed Rest.
One tsp is equals to 60 drops.
20 cc is equal to 20 ml.
1 cup is equals to 8 ounces.
The safest way to identify the client is to check the client’s identification band.
When administering buccal medication, the medicine should be placed between the client’s cheeks and gums.
The common position for administering cleansing enema is Sims left lateral.
If a client complains of difficulty of swallowing when the nurse try to administer capsule medication, the nurse should check the availability of a liquid preparation.
The appropriate route of administration for insulin is subcutaneous.
The nurse is ordered to administer ampicillin capsule TID p.o. The nurse should give the medication three times a day orally.
Back Care is best described as caring for the back by means of massage.
Bed making refers to the preparation of the bed with a new set of linens
The most important purpose of handwashing is to prevent the transfer of microorganism.
To prevent contaminating of the environment in bed making, avoid fanning soiled linens.
The most important purpose of cleansing bed bath is to cleanse, refresh and give comfort to the client who must remain in bed.
Inspection is a technique involves the sense of sight.
The first techniques used to examine the abdomen of a client is inspection.
Auscultation is a technique in physical examination that is used to assess the movement of air thought the tracheobronchial tree
Stethoscope is an instrument used for auscultation.
Resonance is best described as sounds created by air filled lungs
The best position for examining the rectum is: Sim’s
Gait refers to the manner of walking.
The nurse asked the client to read the Snellen chart which tests Optic nerve.
Another name for knee-chest position is Genu-pectoral
The nurse prepares IM injection that is irritating to the subcutaneous tissue. Use the Z-track technique in order to prevent tracking of the medication.
Amount of medicine can be injected into gluteal muscle is Up to 5 ml
While giving enema height of enema cane from anus should be 18 inches
During ABG analysis, blood is collected from Artery
Intradermal injection is given at 15° angle
Abbreviation of S.O.S means Give whenever necessary
Presence of blood in stool is known as Melena
Normal respiration rate in neonate: 40-60 breaths/min.
Intra osseous injection is given in: Bone Marrow
To maintain normal breathing pattern, which position is beneficial? Fowler’s
Cyanosis is caused in case of: Lack of oxygen
Fever with relative bradycardia is seen in: Typhoid
Suitable site to check pulse into new born; Apical
Right route to check the temperature into children: Axillary method
Normal serum potassium level in meq/L is: 3.5 to 5
The objectives of moist cold application are all, EXCEPT- To stimulate the inflammation process
All of the following are advantage of hot compress EXCEPT it- Increases tension
The compression to ventilation ratio in CPP in case as single rescuer is: 30:2
The preferred site for giving IM injection to infant is: Vastus lateralis
The suffix “itis” means: Inflammation

Hemoglobin

One ml = 15 drops
When hemoglobin is in an environment that is low in oxygen, it readily gives up its oxygen.

Miscellaneous

Lobsters have gills.
The amount of oxygen in air is more than that of water.
Oxygen in water is removed by gills by the process of passive diffusion.
The functional unit of the respiratory system is alveolus.
Cetin is a complex substance found on the surface of leaves.
The cells of active animals require rapid delivery of oxygen.
Excretion is the process whereby you eliminate metabolic by-products is
Horses excrete mostly Urea
The amino acid resulting from the hydrolysis of proteins undergo further metabolism because they cannot be stored
The cells of multicellular organisms eliminate their metabolic byproducts into the internal environment of the organism.
Aquatic organisms excrete mostly Ammonia
In organisms with a closed transport system, in general, blood flows in one direction around a circular path
Chambered hearts all have at least one receiving chamber and one delivery chamber
The intake of large quantities of water will tend to make your kidney have a high output of urine
Photosynthesis occurs at high rate during the cooler parts of the day
Hemoglobin is one of the most common respiratory pigment
Hemoglobin consist of two parts, a heme and a globin.
In what form does most of the ATP exists in the cell? MgATP
Which of the following is not a protein? Cellulose
Which of the following is a protein? Collagen
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
What will be the end-product for the digestion of milk? Glucose and Galactose
What is the principal component of chitin and heparin? Carbohydrate
Which of these organisms can be classified as a prokaryote? Bacteria
The liquid part of the cytoplasm is referred to as: Cytosol
The resulting sequence would be UCUUCAGCCGA
What is the name of the protein bound to DNA? Histone
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? Lysosomes
Which of the following contains oxidative enzymes? Peroxisomes
The small vesicular bodies containing biodegradative enzymes which decompose foreign substances that invade the cell is known as Lysosomes
The nucleus is responsible for Ribosome synthesis