CHAP-3-G11 2

Practical Research Overview

  • Presented by Mr. Justin P. Payao, LPT

Research Design

  • Definition: A structured plan outlining methods and procedures for data collection and analysis.

  • Purpose: Aims to effectively address the research problem and maintain validity.

Blueprint for Research

  • Acts as a blueprint maximizing control over interferences that could compromise research findings.

Qualitative Research Methods

Types of Qualitative Research

  1. Phenomenology

    • Focus: Understanding lived experiences and perceptions.

    • Goal: Explore individual sense-making of phenomena.

    • Examples:

      • Living with Chronic Pain

      • Navigating College Life

      • Finding Meaning in Trauma

  2. Grounded Theory

    • Focus: Develop theory based on participant data.

    • Goal: Generate theories explaining processes or phenomena.

    • Examples:

      • Process of Recovery in Addiction

      • Building Resilience in Education

      • Understanding Anxiety in Young Adults

  3. Ethnography

    • Originates in anthropology, focusing on cultural and social understanding.

    • Examples:

      • Urban Culture in Payatas

      • Community Healing Practices in Mindoro

  4. Case Study

    • Focus: In-depth examination of specific cases.

    • Goal: Provide insights and learning from unique instances.

    • Examples:

      • Ford Motor Company's Strategy

      • Chronic Illness Patient Experience

      • Project-Based Learning at Lincoln High

  5. Historical Research

    • Examines changes or permanence over time to present new insights.

Research Procedure

Locale of the Study

  • Definition: Describes the setting where the study occurs.

  • Sample: Conducted mainly in the Philippines; includes virtual participants from the USA for comprehensive data.

Population and Sampling

  • Population: Senior High School Humanities and Social Sciences Students at La Consolacion College - Pasig.

  • Sampling Techniques:

    1. Purposive Sampling: Selecting participants based on specific criteria.

    2. Convenience Sampling: Choosing readily available subjects.

    3. Snowball Sampling: Existing participants recruit new ones from their networks.

    4. Theoretical Sampling: Participants selected based on ongoing theoretical development.

Data Gathering Procedure

  • Collecting accurate data via online surveys, ensuring confidentiality.

  • Survey consists of items on misinformation, political engagement, and fact-checking skills.

Research Instrument

  • Tools such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations are utilized to gather data.

  • Data collection is systematic, enhancing validity and reliability.

Writing Qualitative Research Questions

Key Steps

  1. Research Goals: Identify primary objectives.

  2. Structure: Utilize open-ended formats; avoid binary questions.

  3. Clarity: Use clear and specific language.

  4. Relevance: Ensure linkage to core study objectives.

  5. Single Theme Focus: Each question should address one concept, using a ladder structure for follow-ups.

Types of Qualitative Research Questions

  • Descriptive: Gain detailed insights.

  • Interpretive: Understand meanings behind experiences.

  • Comparative: Explore differences among groups.

  • Process-oriented: Investigate development or changes.

  • Evaluative: Assess effectiveness of phenomena or programs.

  • Exploratory: Enhance understanding of topics.

  • Predictive: Examine potential future outcomes.

  • Focus Groups & In-Home Videos: Collect feedback in group or relaxed settings.