Separation Techniques 

We can normally separate mixtures into the elements or compounds that are found in them. We use physical processes to separate them. These processes don't create new chemical substances (there are no chemical reactions). Some separation processes are;

==Filtration==- It will separate mixtures of insoluble solids (solids that can not dissolve) and liquids. This process is done by placing filtration paper over a flask and then pouring the mixture on top of the paper. The insoluble solid will be ‘trapped’ on the paper and the liquid will fall into the beaker.

@@Crystallisation@@- This will separate different solutions from the different parts. Dissolved solids (@@solutes@@) and liquids (@@solvents@@). Place the solution into a beaker and heat it up using a bunsen burner so the solvents (liquid) evaporates. Eventually, crystals of the @@solute@@ (dissolved solids) will form. We can collect the solvents by condensing it when it changes into a gas.

@@Chromatography@@- Separates solutions with a number of different solutes (solids) in the solvent (liquid). To do this, place a drop of the solution to be separated near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper. Dip the very bottom of the paper into a suitable solvent. The solvent (liquid) moves up the paper and carries the solutes (solids) in the solution with it. Different solutes (solids) move at different speeds, so they separate on the paper.

@@Distillation@@

• @@Fractional distillation-@@ Separates lots of liquids with different boiling points. The mixture is slowly heated until the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils and condenses. Then we increase the temperature slowly to collect (boil then condense) the other fractions.
• @@Simple distillation@@- Separates 2 liquids with different boiling points. The mixture is heated until the liquid with the lower boiling point starts to boil. The vapour released passes through a condenser, where the gas cools back into a liquid.