class 9 quiz

  • Arians

    • error: son is divine + not equal to father

    • Seemed more reasonable

  • Pelgians

    • error: believed that people could become virtuous + achieve salvation without god’s grace

    • Didn’t require any supernatural help from god for salvation

  • Manicheans

    • error: believed that material is bad/spiritual is good

    • Gave adherence a sense of being above ordinary people


  • Homoousios

    • consubstantial

    • Key term that the council of nicea defined

    • Arians said jesus wasn’t consubstantial with god


  • German tribes became arian through wulfilas












Notes

  • Donatism:

    • Christian sect flourished 4th and 5th (among berber christians in roman north africa)

    • Named for the berber christian bishop-Donatus Magnus

  • Donatist controversy:

    • Arose from larger controversy over what to do about the “traditores”

    • Donatists went into schism, had their own bishops, and remained an important feature of the north african church for 100 years

  • Donatism (cont'd):

    • Rejected the validity of the sacraments celebrated by bishops + priests who had sinned or betrayed the faith

  • They taught:

    • Grave sinners can’t represent and be united to the church

    • Sinful priests and bishops are incapable of administering sacraments validly

  • Opposition to Donatism

    • In opposition, st augustine taught that christ is the true minister of every sacrament

  • Ecumenical council

    • “Oikumene”  

    • Gathering of all the bishops (in the world) that represents the church

    • Made to discuss matters of doctrine/discipline, under authority of the holy father

  • 21 ecumenical councils

    • 1. Nicaea in 325 AD (arian threat)

    • 2. 1st council of constantinople in 381 AD (nicene creed)

    • 19. Council of trent in 1545-1563 AD (war happening)

    • 21. 2nd vatican council in 1962-1965 AD


  • Aruis

    • Deacon of church of alexandria (egypt)

    • Taught that god the son was divine, but not equal to god the father

    • Spread of arianism + controversy caused constantine to call the 1st council

    • Council represented the entire church, and it condemned aruis’s teaching

    • Orthodox: the right opinion

    • The 1st council supported orthodox vs. arians

    • Constantine’s successors favoured arianism

    • St athanasius archbishop of alexandria was exiled because he wouldn't tolerate arianism



  • Orthodox faith triumph over arianism in empire was in 381 AD

  • Arianism spread among several germanic tribes (ostrogoths, visigoths, vandals)

  • Emperor theodosius

    • General from hispania whom empire gratian made augustus of the east in 379 AD

    • After gratian’s death, theodosius became the real power in the empire

    • He made the christian faith the official empire religion

    • Nov 8th 392 AD, he removed government support from the pagans and gave it to christian churches







  • Monasticism

    • Movement of munks

    • Began in egypt where ascetics fled to the desert to live lives of prayer and penance

    • hermit/monk → person who lives in a cave to worship

    • Cenobites: monks who live together

    • Saves europe

    • St anthony of egypt is the father of monks

    • St basil the great established monasteries in less isolated areas and wrote two sets of rules

    • Monasticism eventually spread to the west, where it became central to the irish church life

    • Irish monasticism spread to britain and northern europe (in 6th and 7th countries/centuries?)