FUNDAMENTALS

1. Public health and health promotion roles for nurses are components of nursing envisioned by which of the following nurse leaders?

  1. Clara Barton 

  2. Lillian Wald

  3. Mary Brewster

  4. Florence Nightingale 

Rationalization:

  • Clara BArton is noted for establishing the American Red Cross. Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster are considered the founders of Public Health Nursing. 

  • Client needs: Client needs safe effective care environment


2. In order to provide consultation, education, and support as well as to manage the client's chemotherapy regimen, the nurse must be which of the following?

  1. Nurse practitioner

  2. Clinical nurse specialist 

  3. Nurse educator

  4. Nurse entrepreneur

Rationalization:

  • A clinical nurse specialist has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of practice (Oncology in this case). The nurse provides direct client care, educates others, onsults, conducts research, and manages care. A nurse practitioner usually deals with non-emergency acute or chronic illness and provides primary ambulatory care. The nurse educator is responsible for classroom and often clinical teaching. A nurse entrepreneur usually has an advanced degree,  manages a health related business and may be involved in education, consultation or research.


3. Which is an example of continuing education for nurses? 

  1. Attending the hospital's orientation program

  2. Completing a workshop on ethical aspects of nursing

  3. Obtaining information about the facility's new computer charting system

  4. Talking with a company representative about a new piece of equipment

Rationalization:

  • Continuing education refers to formalized experiences designed to enhance the knowledge or skills of practitioners. The other answers are examples of in service education, which is designed to upgrade the knowledge or skills of current employees with regard to the specific setting, and its usually less formal presentation. 


4. Health promotion is best represented by which activity?

  1. Administering immunizations

  2. Giving a bath

  3. Preventing accidents in the home

  4. Performing diagnostic procedures

Rationalization:

  • Health promotion focuses on maintaining normal status without consideration of diseases. A, is an example of Illness prevention. B, is aesthetic (i.e. not needed for health promotion or disease prevention). D, focuses on disease detection.


5. Who were America's first two trained nurses?

  1. Barton and Wald

  2. Dock and Sanger

  3. Richards and Mahoney

  4. Henderson and Breckinridge

Rationalization:

  • All are noted nurses, Linda Richards was America's first trained nurse, and Mary Majoney was America’s first Black trained nurse.


6. A nurse with 2 to 3 years of experience who has the ability to coordinate multiple complex nursing care demands is at which stage of Benner's stages of nursing expertise?

  1. Advanced beginner

  2. Competent

  3. Proficient

  4. Expert

Rationalization:

  • A , the advanced beginner, demonstrates marginally accepting performance. C, the proficient practitioner, has 3 to 5 years of experience and has developed a holistic understanding of the client. D, the expert practitioner, demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations.


7. Which professional organization developed a code for nursing students?

  1. ΑΝΑ

  2. NLN

  3. AACN

  4. NSNA

Rationalization:

  • The National Student Nurses Association developed the Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct for nursing students in 2001. A, ANA, developed the Standards of Nursing Practices. B, NLN, focuses on nursing education. C, The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), is the National organization that focuses on the advancement and maintenance of America’s baccalaureate and higher education degree nursing education programs.


8. Which social force is most likely to significantly impact the future supply and demand for nurses?

  1. Aging

  2. Economics.

  3. Science/technology

  4. Telecommunications

Rationalization:

  • All will impact nursing but not necessarily the supply and demand issue. The aging population contributes to more older adults needing specialized care (increasing the demand). Fewer nursing faculty to educate students and fewer practicing because of retirement contributed to the decreasing supply.


9. A nurse has decided to focus on educating the community about health promotion and wellness. Which of the following would be an example of this?

  1. Initiating prenatal and infant care

  2. Holding classes on prevention of sexually transmitted diseases

  3. Implementing an exercise class for clients who have had a stroke

  4. Teaching a class about home accident prevention

Rationalization:

  • Wellness involves individual and community activities to enhance healthy lifestyles. The goal of illness prevention is to maintain optimal health by preventing disease, which would include immunization, prenatal and infant care, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases ( option 1 and 2). teaching clients about recovery activities, such as exercises that accelerate recovery after stroke, would focus on health restoration.


10. Fill in the blank:

Instead of debating academic requirements for RN preparation, nursing is now focusing on academic __________ for nursing students and graduates.

  • Answer: Progression

Rationalization:

  • The focus has changed the academic progression for own nurses.