PERMA and Well-being Notes
PERMA and Well-being
Overview
- Seligman proposed PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) as elements of well-being.
- Goodman et al. (2017) provided evidence supporting PERMA as building blocks of well-being, with Subjective Well-Being (SWB) as the final common path.
- The study found a high correlation (0.98) between the PERMA-profiler and SWB.
- Elements of PERMA correlated moderately highly with each other (mean = 0.61).
- It's argued that focusing on elements helps in building well-being through targeted interventions.
Key Findings and Arguments
- Goodman et al. (2017) data confirms that PERMA constitutes elements of well-being.
- Those with one element of PERMA tend to have others to a similar degree.
- Building happiness involves more than psychometrics; elements guide specific interventions.
- A good theory of well-being elements aids in constructing well-being.
Criteria for Evaluating Well-being Elements
- Elements contribute to well-being (confirmed by 0.98 correlation with SWB for PERMA).
- Elements are pursued for their own sake.
- The list of elements should be exclusive and exhaustive.
Considerations for Deciding on Elements
- Each element of PERMA can be defined and measured independently.
- High correlations between elements do not necessarily disqualify them, due to possible causal connections.
- Decisions should account for real-world factors beyond self-reports.
- Objective indices and longitudinal studies are needed.
Future Directions
- Compare different theories to determine best SWB elements.
- Measure objective indices and test intervention influence.
- Lay out causal connections among elements.