PERMA and Well-being Notes

PERMA and Well-being

Overview

  • Seligman proposed PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) as elements of well-being.
  • Goodman et al. (2017) provided evidence supporting PERMA as building blocks of well-being, with Subjective Well-Being (SWB) as the final common path.
  • The study found a high correlation (0.980.98) between the PERMA-profiler and SWB.
  • Elements of PERMA correlated moderately highly with each other (mean = 0.610.61).
  • It's argued that focusing on elements helps in building well-being through targeted interventions.

Key Findings and Arguments

  • Goodman et al. (2017) data confirms that PERMA constitutes elements of well-being.
  • Those with one element of PERMA tend to have others to a similar degree.
  • Building happiness involves more than psychometrics; elements guide specific interventions.
  • A good theory of well-being elements aids in constructing well-being.

Criteria for Evaluating Well-being Elements

  • Elements contribute to well-being (confirmed by 0.980.98 correlation with SWB for PERMA).
  • Elements are pursued for their own sake.
  • The list of elements should be exclusive and exhaustive.

Considerations for Deciding on Elements

  • Each element of PERMA can be defined and measured independently.
  • High correlations between elements do not necessarily disqualify them, due to possible causal connections.
  • Decisions should account for real-world factors beyond self-reports.
  • Objective indices and longitudinal studies are needed.

Future Directions

  • Compare different theories to determine best SWB elements.
  • Measure objective indices and test intervention influence.
  • Lay out causal connections among elements.