Comprehensive Guide to the ASVAB and AFQT

Definition: The ASVAB is a series of subtests designed to measure an individual's ability to be trained for specific military jobs. It is not an IQ test.
Subtest Structure:
    - General Science (GS): 25 questions (11 mins paper) / 16 questions (8 mins CAT). Covers biological and physical sciences.
    - Arithmetic Reasoning (AR): 30 questions (36 mins paper) / 16 questions (39 mins CAT). Math word problems.
    - Word Knowledge (WK): 35 questions (11 mins paper) / 16 questions (8 mins CAT). Vocabulary.
    - Paragraph Comprehension (PC): 15 questions (13 mins paper) / 11 questions (22 mins CAT). Reading analysis.
    - Mathematics Knowledge (MK): 25 questions (24 mins paper) / 16 questions (20 mins CAT). Algebra and high school geometry.
    - Electronics Information (EI): 20 questions (9 mins paper) / 16 questions (8 mins CAT). Circuits and terminology.
    - Auto & Shop Information (AS): 25 questions (11 mins paper) / 11 auto + 11 shop (7 & 6 mins CAT).
    - Mechanical Comprehension (MC): 25 questions (19 mins paper) / 16 questions (20 mins CAT).
    - Assembling Objects (AO): 25 questions (15 mins paper) / 16 questions (16 mins CAT). (Not on student/high school version).

Standard Score: Calculated with a mean of $50$ and standard deviation of $10$ . A score of $60$ is above average.
Percentile Score: Range of $1-99$ . Compares the test-taker against a norm group (1997 Profile of American Youth).
AFQT Score (Armed Forces Qualification Test): The most critical score for enlistment, calculated using only WK, PC, AR, and MK.
    - Formula:
        1. Determine the Verbal Expression (VE) score: $VE = WK + PC$ .
        2. Convert VE to a scaled score ( $20-62$ ).
        3. Calculate Raw AFQT: $Raw\,AFQT\,Score = 2VE + AR + MK$ .
        4. Convert to percentile.
Minimum AFQT Requirements (High School Diploma holders):
    - Air Force: $36$
    - Army: $31$
    - Coast Guard: $40$
    - Marine Corps: $32$
    - Navy: $31$

Order of Operations (PEMDAS):
    1. Parentheses (Innermost first).
    2. Exponents and roots.
    3. Multiplication and Division (Left to Right).
    4. Addition and Subtraction (Left to Right).
Geometry Formulas:
    - Area of a Circle: $A = \pi r^2$ ( $\pi \approx 3.14$ ).
    - Circumference: $C = \pi d$ or $C = 2\pi r$ .
    - Pythagorean Theorem: For right triangles, $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ .
    - Volume (Box): $V = l \times w \times h$ .
    - Volume (Cylinder): $V = \pi r^2 h$ .
Algebra Essentials:
    - Quadratic Form: $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ .
    - Factoring Trinomials: Finding two numbers that multiply to $c$ and add to $b$ .
    - Scientific Notation: Expressing large numbers as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10 (e.g., $12,500 = 1.25 \times 10^4$ ).

Newton's Laws:
- Force Formula: $Force = Mass \times Acceleration$ ( $F = ma$ ).
- Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Simple Machines:
- Lever Mechanical Advantage (MA): $MA = \frac{\text{Length of Effort Arm}}{\text{Length of Resistance Arm}}$ .
- Inclined Plane MA: $MA = \frac{\text{Length of Ramp}}{\text{Height of Ramp}}$ .
Electronics (Ohm's Law):
    - Equation: $Voltage\,(E) = Current\,(I) \times Resistance\,(R)$ .
    - Power Equation: $Power\,(P) = Voltage\,(E) \times Current\,(I)$ .
    - Units: Voltage in Volts, Current in Amperes, Resistance in Ohms ( $\Omega$ ), Power in Watts.

Word Parts:
    - Roots: Base of the word (e.g., "liber" = free).
    - Prefixes: (e.g., "un-" = not, "geo-" = earth).
    - Suffixes: (e.g., "-able" = capable of).
Comprehension:
- Identify the Topic Sentence: Usually the first or last sentence of a paragraph.
- Paraphrasing: Mentally rephrasing the text in simpler terms to confirm understanding.