Revision

Formation of urine: Glomerulus - proximal tubule - loop of henle - distal tubule - Collecting duct.

Loop of henle (thin/thick use these words)

Kidneys = an effector

Juxtaglomerular cells secretes? Renin

Processes of kidney function include all of following exept? Digestion

The kidneys abiliity to produce a concentrated or diluted urine is due to? Osmotic concentration gradiant in loop of henle

Most reabsorption of glomerular filtrate occurs at the? Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Secretion is defined by? Movement of substances from the blood into the kidney tubules

Majority of reabsorption of glomerular filtrate occurs at? Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Thirst is regulated by? Rise in plasma osmolarity

When ADH levels are high? Water is absorbed, resulting in lower volume of concentrated urine

The electron transport chain? Results in the formation of ATP

Which solution below is most basic if the pH is? Between 11 and 14

Which of following sets of organs are considered accessory organs? Pancreas, gallbladder and kidney

Which of the following does NOT occur in the mitochondria? Glycolysis

Hypoventilation causes and results in a in plasma carbon dioxide levels? Acidosis: Increase

igA- found in mucus secretion, saliva and tears.

Definition of Antigen? Anything the immune system recognises as foreign to the body

Which immunoglobulin class is responsible for inducing the allergy response? igE

What is adaptive defence system? Production of antibodies, involve B and T lymphocytes

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumours, the result is? Severe localised edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Inflammatory? Brings more leukocytes and other cells to the site of infection

Which of the following describes the qualities of most antigens? Substances that are foreign to the body

The genotype WW is best described as? Homozygous dominant (homo means two of same letters, capitals mean dominant)

A person with a abnormal gene, but a normal phenotype is a? Carrier

Alternate forms of a gene that influence the same characteristic and are found at the same location is a homologous chromosome are called? Alleles

Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). Bb

Two alleles expressing the same information for a trait are designed as? Homozygous

Recessive genes are only expressed when? The recessive genes are also homozygous