MEMOIRS OF A STUDENT IN MANILA

Memoirs of a Student in Manila P. Jacinto was the first pen name

He wrote it during 17-20 years old. 

Chapter 1: My Birth - Early Years

•  born in Calamba (LAGUNA) on 19 June 1861, between eleven and midnight, a few days before full moon. It was a Wednesday

• nine sisters and one brother

• four years old he lost his little sister (Concha)

• Referring to his mother ‘

  • She taught me how to read, she taught me how to stammer the humble prayers that I addressed fervently to God”

• In my own town I learned how to write, and my father, who looked after my education, paid an old man (who had been his classmate) to give me the first lessons in Latin and he stayed at our house. 

  • After some five months he died, 

• HIS MOM THEODORA ALONSO; first teacher of rizal

• I returned to my town and I stayed in it until 1870, the first year that marked my separation from my family.

• (01) P. Jacinto was the first pen name used by Rizal in his writings. His other pen names were Laong-Laan and Dimas Alang.

• (02) Filipinos, Spaniards, and Chinese venerated the Virgin of Antipolo since Spanish colonial days. The month of May is the time of pilgrimage to her shrine. She is also called Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, the patron saint of travelers. One legend says her image saved from shipwreck the crew of a ship that bore her from Acapulco to Manila many years ago.

• (03) The name of Diana, goddess of the moon and of hunting.

• (04) Casco is a Philippine river craft, made of wood, used for passengers and

• freight. The catig is the vessel’s outriggers made of bamboo canes.

• (05) A well-known boarding school for girls, the Sisters of Charity administered La Concordia College. It was founded in 1868 by Margarita Roxas de Ayala, a wealthy Filipino woman, who gave her country home called La Concordia in Sta Ana, Manila to the school and hence its popular designation. Its official name is Colegio de la Immaculada Concepcion.

• (06) Rizal Avenue, named for the national hero, absorbed this old street. At that point its name was dropped.

Chapter 2: My Life Away from My Parents - My Sufferings 

• I walked through the town that seemed to me large and rich but ugly and gloomy.

• Biñan, a town more or less an hour and a half distant from mine. 

  • This is my father’s birthplace 

  • and to which he sent me to continue the study of the rudiments of Latin that I had begun.

• Where he studied latin/spanish; teacher was Justiniano Aquino Cruz,

  • Called Calambeño by his classmates

• People in the house in Binan 

  • My aunt; My aunt was an old woman who must be seventy or so years old.

  • two cousins,

    • Margarita was single

    • Gabriel was a widower

  •  two nieces, 

  • Arcadia(tomboy,) and Florentina, (little girl with vulgar qualities) 

  • and a nephew, Leandro(capricious, papered little boy), son of a cousin. 

• I left Biñan, then, on 17 December 1870 [sic. 1871 - Zaide]. I was nine years old at one o’clock on the afternoon of Saturday.

Chapter 3: From January, 1871 to June, 1872

• In his letter to Blumentritt, written at Geneva, June 10, 1887, Rizal said that he stayed in Biñan for “a year and a half.” 

• uncle of mine (Mr. José Alberto) arrived from Europe

• his wife failed lamentably in her duties as mother and wife. 

  • He found his house empty

  •  and his children abandoned two or three days before by the wife.

• Was arrested by guardya sibil(who were family friends) 

• accused her husband of being a poisoner and my mother as his accomplice for which my mother was imprisoned by Mr. Antonio Vivencio del Rosario, a fanatical mayor, (13) a servant of the friar.

• We were nine brothers [brother and sisters - Zaide] and our mother was unjustly snatched away from us and by whom? By some men who had been our friends and whom we had treated as sacred guests.

• Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan, the most famous lawyers of Manila, defended my mother.

• She finally succeeded to be acquitted and vindicated in the eyes of her judges, accusers, and even her enemies, but after how long? After two and a half years.

• Manila with my brother Panciano to take the entrance examinations and study the secondary course at the Ateneo Municipal. 

  • (15) I therefore went down to Manila on June 10, 1872 

  • and took an examination on the Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, and reading 

  • at the College of San Juan de Letran. 

Chapter 4: 1872 - 1875
  

• Was hatid to Ateneo Municipal to the Rev. Father Miniter( who at that time was Father Magin Ferrando.) by his brother paciano 

•  “Atenistang Probinsyano” At first he did not want to admit me either because I had come after the period of admission was over or because of my rather weak constitution and short stature: I was then eleven years old. 

• But later, at the request of Mr. Manuel Jerez (nephew of the ill-fated Father Burgos)and now Licentiate in Medicine, the difficulties were removed and I was admitted. 

• a Jesuit who was the professor. He was called Father José Bech.

• One boy or young man of my own province called Florencio Gavino Oliva had an excellent mind but was of ordinary studiousness. 

• One Joaquin Garrido, a Spanish mestizo, with poor memory but bright and studious. 

• Resembling him very much was one Moises Santiago, mathematician and penman. One was Gonzalo Marzano, who then occupied the canopied throne of a Roman Emperor.

•  You should know that in the Jesuit colleges, in order to stimulate students, they put up two empires, one Roman and the other Carthaginian or Greek, constantly at war, and in which the highest positions were won through challenges, the winner being the one who made three mistakes less than his rival. 

  • They put me at the tail end. I scarcely knew Spanish but I already understood it.

• located at Caraballo Street; home, which I was about twenty-five minutes from the college 

  • for I didn’t want to stay in the walled city which seemed to me very gloomy.

  • Landlady named titay, rent was 300

• I was promoted and I stayed at noon at the Colegio de Sta. Isabel, 

  • paying three pesos there.

  •  I lived with Pastor. 

  • A month later I was already the emperor.

• In the first quarter I won a first prize with the grade of excellent, but afterwards I was disgusted on account of some words uttered by my professor, and I did not want to study hard any more, 

  • so that at the end of the year, to my misfortune, I obtained only accessit in all my subjects, grade of excellent without getting any first prize.

• I spent my vacation in my hometown and I accompanied my elder sister Neneng to Tanauan for the town feast. 

  • This happened in 1873.

  • I went to visit her (MOTHER) then alone without telling my father about it. 

  • This was after the school term and I told her that I received accessit. With what delight I surprised her!

• Second Semester; return to Manila

  • a landlady inside the walled city, for I was tired living outside the city.

  •  I found one on Magallanes Street, number 6, where lived an old lady called Doña Pepay, widow, 

  • with her daughter, also a widow, called Doña Encarnacion with four sons. José, Rafael, Ignacio, and Ramon.

• I encountered again three who were my classmates in Biñan. 

  • They were called Justiniano Sao-jono, Angel and Santiago Carrillo.

• At the end of the year I won a metal and I returned to my hometown. I visited my mother again alone and there, like another Joseph, I predicted, interpreting a dream of hers, that within three months, she would be released, a prediction that was realized by accident.

• my leisure hours to the reading of novels, though years before I had already read El Ultimo Abencerraje,

• a boy of twelve years reading the Count of Montecristo,

• in the following year I was able to win prizes in the quarterly examinations and I would have won the medal were it not for some mistakes in Spanish, 

  • that unfortunately I spoke badly, which enabled the young man M. G., a European, to have an advantage over me in this regard.

• the third year course, I had to return to Manila and found Doña Pepay without a room for boarders. 

  • I had to stay at the house of D. P. M. together with a rich fellow townsman called Quintero.

• After two months and a half, I left that house and returned to the recently vacated room in the house of my landlady, Doña Pepay, and returned also to the same life as before.

• received only the first prize in Latin,

• I was already approaching thirteen years and I had not yet made any brilliant showing to my classmates.

Chapter 5: Two Years in College

• Soon to become eighteen years old and disillusioned,

• I entered college then on 16 June 1875.

• My little money that amounted to some eight pesos, I kept under my
  pillow.

• In spite of my thirteen years to fourteen, I was still very small,

  • The names of some of my classmates shall never be eased from my memory; 

  • among them that of one Jovellanos, of one Lete (Enrique) 

• Professor Francisco de Paula Sanchez. With his aid I studied mathematics, rhetoric, and Greek with some advantage

• won five medals

• I was in the fifth year and already I was a philosopher. I had other professors, called Fathers Vilaclara and Minoves, 

  • the first one of whom liked me very much and to whom I was somewhat ungrateful.

• I studied the fifth year course with the same success as the previous one, though under other circumstances. Upright, severe philosophy, inquiring into the why of things attracted also my attention as did poetry, beautiful as she alone can be, playing with the charms of nature and leaving traces that breathe sublimity and tenderness.

• At last the end of the term came and the same thing happened to me. I carried away another five medals due to the indulgence with which my superiors treated me and to my no little luck in winning them

• The prizes were distributed, they gave me the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and I believe that any young man who was fifteen years old, loved by his companions and professors, with five medals and the degree of Bachelor of Arts, the dream of the student of the secondary course, should be very much contented. 

• I entered college still a child with very little knowledge of Spanish, with a moderately developed mind, and almost without refined sentiments. By force of study, of analyzing myself, of aspiring higher, of a thousand corrections, I was little by little transformed thanks to the beneficent influence of a zealous professor.

• I don’t know if my present state makes me see the beauty of the past and the sadness of the present, but the truth is that when I was a college student, I never wanted to leave college and that now I would give anything to get over this terrible age of youth.

• My second year in college resembled the first with the difference that patriotic sentiments as an exquisite sensibility had been greatly developed in me.

• I had advanced somewhat in the cultivation of the Muses so much that I had composed a legend that suffered very slight correction by my professor and a dialogue that was staged for the first time at the end of the school term, alluding to the students’ farewell.

Chapter 6: April to December 1877

• After the vacation period of that memorable year,

  •  I looked for a house in Intramuros (27) and I found one on Solina Street, whose landlord was a priest. 

  • My mother said that I had enough with what I knew and I should not return to Manila anymore. 

• I enrolled in metaphysics, because, besides my doubt about the career that I would follow, my father wanted me to study it, but so little was my inclination for it that I didn’t even buy the textbook used by the other students. 

• until one Sunday when we went to Trozo, we encountered there a girl of about fourteen years fresh, pleasant, winsome who received my companion with much familiarity,

  •  from which I had deduced that she might be his sister 

  • This girl has a finance( her uncle wtf)  

  • She was not the most beautiful woman I had seen but I had never seen one more bewitching and alluring.

  • Segunda Katigbak

  • My friend M. was the brother of Miss K

• I don’t remember how our conversation began, but I do remember that she asked me what flowers I liked best. I told her that I liked all, but that I preferred the white and the black ones. She told me that she liked the white and pink ones and she became pensive;

• AHHHH “Miss, I never had the custom of ordering women,” I replied, “I expect them to command me.”- RIZAL

• HOY “She said that the white rose that she gave me was from my sister. And though, I knew it was not, I pretended to believe it. “

• “I abstained; or rather I forbade my heart to love her knowing that she was engaged. But I said to myself: Perhaps she did love me: perhaps her love for her fiancé was nothing more than a girlish love as her heart had not yet opened to receive true love. Moreover I’m neither rich nor handsome nor gallant nor attractive; and if she love me, her love would be true, for it was not based on vain and shaky foundation. But even then, I decided to keep quiet until I could see greater proofs of sympathy between us. I would neither subject myself to her yoke nor declare myself to her.” 

• “But being so, I would like to get sick always inasmuch as in this way I have the happiness of being remembered by you; moreover death might do me much good.”

• The eighth of December came, feast of the college in which she was a boarder.

• That was the first night that I felt an anguish and inquietude resembling love, if not jealousy, perhaps because I saw that I was separating from her, perhaps because a million obstacles would stand between us, so that my budding love was increasing and seemed to be gaining vigor in the fight. Since then I knew that I loved her truly and in my own way, that is, very different from other loves that I have heard mentioned.

• I proved myself to be the best swordsman in my town; I had a white horse saddled and I mounted it and went out of the town because I expected to see her for the last time.

• If the filthiest corpse had told met hat she too was thinking of me, I would have kissed it out of gratitude.

• Would visit miss K Every Sunday

  • Every thursday and Sundays 

Chapter 7: From January to December 1878

• On the 6th of January I took leave of my parents and returned to Manila, my second hometown.

• The days of January, February, and March passed almost without any incident. I was waiting only for some news from her. During these months I had the discussion of Metaphysics, that is, I maintained most intricate, vyingly complicated questions in Latin.

• I took the examination in Metaphysics in March and I obtained the grace of excellent. I had the same success in the examinations in topography, winning two medals in this and in agriculture

Chapter 8: My First Reminiscence

• I like stories very much and I believed with all my heart everything the books contained, convinced that what was printed must perforce be the truth.

• (MOTHER)She taught me to read in Amigo de los Niños, a very rare book, an old edition, which had lost its cover 

• Mother would translate each line from spanish to tagalog. 

• You see?” my mother said to me taking me to bed. “Don’t imitate the young moth and don’t be disobedient; you’ll get burned like it.”

• Advices and warnings resounded feebly in my ears. What preoccupied me most was the death of the imprudent, but at the bottom of my heart, I didn’t blame it.

• nevertheless the man preserves the heart of a child and he believes that light is the most beautiful thing there is in creation and that it is worthy for a man to sacrifice his life for it.

• Quinque;This word is derived from the name of the first maker of that lamp, Quinquet, a Frenchman. Quinque refers to a petroleum lamp.

• Summum; The utmost.

LIFE AND HISTORY OF RIZAL

Full name of Jose Rizal - Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

PARENTS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

Francisco Mercado 

• Died 2 years after the death of Jose Rizal and the start of the PH Revolution

• Part of a family of businessmen but was also part of a family of farmers

• Studied at the San Jose College in Binan, Laguna

• Funded most of Rizal’s formal education and travels

Teodora Alonso 

• Rizal’s first teacher

• Was highly educated

SIBLINGS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL (in order)

Saturnina Hidalgo or Saturnina Rizal

• Eldest child in the family

• Married to a certain Timotheo Hidalgo

Paciano Rizal 

• One of the generals of the PH Revolution

• Also studied at San Jose College where he met Jose Burgos

  • Jose Burgos was his friend and teacher

• Was the one to tell Rizal about the martyrdom of GomBurZa

  • Majorly influenced Rizal’s nationalism

Narcisa Mercado or Sisa Rizal

• Married to a certain Antonio Manapat Lopez

• Educated; she was a teacher and a musician

• Possibly the inspiration for the character of “Sisa” in Noli Me Tangere

Olympia Rizal or Mercado

• Died early because of childbirth

• Married to a Silvestre Ubaldo

• Was the reason why Rizal and Katigbak met because she and Katigbak went to the same university

Lucia Rizal or Mercado

• Married to a certain Mariano Herbosa

Maria Rizal or Mercado

• Died right at the last year of the Japanese occupation in 1945

Jose Rizal

• 7th among Teodora and Francisco’s children

Concepcion Rizal or Mercado

• Died very early when she was just 3 years old because of a certain sickness

Josefa Rizal or Mercado

• Only among the Rizal siblings that did not marry

• Was a spinster and died because she was an epileptic

Trinidad Rizal or Mercado

• Also referred to as Trining

• Important in Philippine history because she was one of the first feminist leaders

• Co founder of the first feminist organization in PH

  • Asociacion Feminista Filipina (Philippine Feminist Association)

• Had the reputation of being the closest sister to Rizal

Leonor Rivera-Kipping (11 April 1867 – 28 August 1893)

•  was the childhood sweetheart, and “lover by correspondence” of Philippine national hero José Rizal. 

• Rivera was the “greatest influence” in preventing Rizal from falling in love with other women while Rizal was traveling outside the Philippines.

Soledad Rizal or Mercado

• Youngest child

• Married Pantaleon Quintero and had 5 children

Film

Going to spain

• Woke up at 5am by paciano

• 365 pesos given by paciano 

• Magulangs were awake but not siblings 

• Went to manila to get documents of recommendations from pedro paterno and jesuits priests went to europe on mayo 2 at 20 years old 

• Drew alot in his journey

• Went to aden yemen, then to suz canal(sinai peninsula) , then to france(marsaille) then trained to spain(barcelona) 

• bakasyon for ilang buwan-did not like spain coz it was cold, sikip,  and nobody cared for each other 

• Kolehiyo of medicine and philosophy 

• To maria- 35 centimos ang paliligo

• Other scholarly filipino intelectuals

  • Lopez Jaena 

  • Sansianco 

• Circulo espano filipino- group of filipinos and espanyols in one house to talk about philippines and send out revista(pahayagan)

• Consuelo ortega(anak sa owner sa house) 

• Even tho this consuelo ortege did not last due to lack of pondo, the filipino intellectuals already had the taste of freedom and questioned why the colonizers(spain) had such a liberal country and that the philippines were conservative 

• Jose talks about politics alot (talked about hidalgo and juan luna) 

• El Liberal 

• His controversial talks reach Philippines and his mother got sick because of this 

• Austrian blumentritt(who studied filipino language)- jose rizals bff

• Noli me tangere had no pondo to be printed(asukal was not sold yet from their hacienda)

• Was helped by maximo viola(friend from barcelona) gi finance niya 

• Moved back to the philippines against what everyone advised, to prove a point so that ppl would believe his intentions with writing noli mi tangere 

BACK TO THE PHILIPPINES 

• Was called to malacanang due to prayles complaining about his nobela 

•  Commission censor 

• Assigned a military man (para bantayin ) named Don Luis Taviel de Andrade

Left Ph again

• Went to hongkong 

• Went to macao

• Went to japan

  • Gf nya si Seiko Usui

• Went to america, from california to ny

• Went to england london

  • Met Reinhold Rost who admitted him to the British Museum and gave him access to their library

  • Encountered the book of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas( pre colonial ph) - which he annotated and cross examined other accounts to correct the misconceptions

• Pinalayas ng prayle ang people sa calamba including the rizals, even their crops, and were forced to have sedulas, gi tapon sa mindoro 

• Del Pilar did smthn sa election thingy nila and then si rizal gi personal nila 

When Rizal arrived in Europe sometime in 1882 or 1883, he immediately wrote Rivera. He received no response. He wrote her again the following year, but still received nothing. Rizal thought that Rivera was angry

at him, but unknown to both, it was Mrs. Rivera who had been intercepting their mail with help from a postman she had bribed. Because of this, Leonor accepted the proposal of Charles Henry Kipping, a British engineer who worked for the Ferrocarril de Manila y Dagupan, the nascent form of the Philippine National Railways.

In Mrs. Rivera’s defense, she was only protecting her family. She did not burn or dispose of Rizal’s letters—she kept them, probably to show them all to Leonor before her marriage to another man—which is exactly what Mrs. Rivera did. Ambeth Ocampo tells us that in 1890, while Mrs. Rivera was at the market, one of the local postmen was remiss about his end of the bargain, and one of Rizal’s letters was accidentally delivered to her daughter. She discovered that Rizal still loved her, and she confronted her mother with “uncharacteristic nerve.” Cornered, Mrs. Rivera gave her daughter all the unopened letters from Rizal from over three years. Imagine Rivera's emotions, who at the time was still madly in love with Rizal.

Historian Ocampo writes that Rivera could not abort her engagement to Kipping, whom she had already promised to marry. Despite knowing the truth about Rizal’s faithfulness (after years of not receiving any reply from her), she still quietly married Kipping, but not without her own silent protest.

She set two significant conditions for her marriage to Kipping. First, that she would never sing or play any music ever again. Second, that her mother would have to stay with them all throughout their marriage. Ocampo shares that Rivera allegedly burned all of Rizal’s letters and had the ashes sewn into the fabric of her wedding dress.

• Often quarelled with antionio luna over a girl; Nellie Boustead

ON HIS DOUBTS OF HIS BOOKS

• Valentin ventura-He was the one who financed the publication of Jose Rizal's El Filibusterismo. 

• Jose basa-utang pamasahe to hongkong 

BACK TO PH 

• Nka takas ang rizal fam to hongkong 

• Rizals mom was alleged using the wrong last name, from manila for over 4 days she was forced to walk to sta cruz laguna 

• 1891 the rizal fam was together in hongkong

LIGA FILIPINA

Rizal worked on this constitution to send to the philippines 

• He asked the (leader) of sabah for it to be the place where calamba ppl to stay since they were kicked out 

EXILE TO DAPITAN

• Won lottery (04441) 

• Bought land for labing walo 

• Opened a clinic and a small school

• Had frogs and insects named after him 

Josephine bracken was the common-law wife of Filipino nationalist José Rizal during his exile in Dapitan.

• They were a couple and acted like they were married but they were not wed 

Bagumbayan

He was executed in Bagumbayan, now called Luneta, in Manila on December 30, 1896.

27 December Peña recommends approval of death sentence. 28 December Polavieja orders the death sentence to be carried out. field, by firing squad.)

• People to visit

  • Mother

  • Siblings girls, and pamangkin gaev to them his work 

  • “There is something inside” Jose Rizal gave his sister Trinidad an alcohol burner with a copy of "Mi Ultimo Adios." "My Last Farewell" is a poem written by rizal 

• Wrote to blumentritt before he died and sent him a book 

• He wrote to his father

• He wrote to his brother( who was in battle) 

After his death

• His family bought a kabaong, but was denied the bangkay of rizal 

• Inilibing ito ng lihim sa sementeryo ng paco, walang kabaong at wlang p