Prefix and Suffix exam

a-,an

lack, without (asexual)

ab-; abs-

from, away from; separated (abduct; abscess)

-able

capable: viable (capable of living)

acou-

hearing: acoustics (science of sound)

acr-

extremity: acromegaly (large extremities)

ad-

to, toward, attached to (adduct)

adeno-

gland: adenoma (glandular tumor)

-aer-

air (aerobic; anaerobic)

-aesthes-

feeling (anesthesia)

af-

toward (afferent)

-al

expressing relationship: neural (referring to nerves)

algia

pain: gastralgia (stomach pain)

amyl-

starch (amylase)

angio-

vessel: angiography (radiography of blood vessels)

ante-

before, forward: antecubital (before elbow)

anti-

against, reversed: antiperistalsis (reversed peristalsis)

arthr-

joint: arthritis ( inflammation of a joint)

-ary

associated with: urinary (associated with urine)

-asis

condition, state of: homeostasis (state of staying the same)

aud-

hear (auditory; audiometer)

auri-

ear (auriscope)

auto-

self, oneself (autograph; autotrophic): autolysis => self breakdown

baro-

pressure, weight (barometer)

bi-

two, twice, double (bilobed; biceps): bicuspid=>two cusps

-bio(s)

life, live (symbiosis)

-blastos-

germ or forming (erythroblast)

brachio-

arm (brachial; brachial artery)

brachy-

short (brachycephalic)

brady-

slow (bradycardia)

-bronchio-

gill (bronchiomeric; bronchiopod)

brevi-

short (brevipennate; brevity)

-calci-

pertaining to lime; spur (calcareous; calcite)

callous-

hard, thickened (corpus callosum; callus)

-cardi-

heart (pericardium; cardiovascular)

-carn-

flesh (carnage; carnal)

carcin-

cancer: carcinogenic=>causing cancer

cardio-

heart: cardiopathy=>heart disease

cauda-

tail (caudal)

cephal; -cephale-

head: cephalic=>toward the head

-cele hollow

blastocele=>hollow cavity inside a blastocyst

cereb-; cerebro-

brain (cerebellum; cerebrum): cerebrospinal=>referring to brain and spinal cord

chi

22nd letter of Greek alphabet, crossing (chiasma)

-chiro-

hand (chiropractor)

-chloro-

green (chlorophyll)

chole-

bile (cholecystic): acholic=>without bile

-chondr-; -chondro-

cartilage, gristle (perichondrium): chondrocyte=>cartilage cell

-cid; -cide, or cidal-

kill, to kill (suicide; fungicidal; bactericidal): bactericide=>agent that kills bacteria

-cili-

hair (ciliated)

circum-

around, about (circumcision): circumduction=>circular movement

-clast-

to break, destroy, smash: osteoclast=>cell that breaks down bone

-clavis-

club-like (clavicle)

-cle, -clus, -cule, -culus

small, diminutive (auricle)

co-, com-, con-

with, together (coagulate; commensal; conjugate) coenzyme=>molecule that functions with an enzyme, commisure=>coming together, convergence=>to incline together

coll-

glue (collagen; colloid)

contra-

counter, against, opposite (contrary; contraindicated): contralateral=>opposite

-corn-

horn, hard (unicorn; cornea; cornified)

corona-

crown (coronary)

-corp-, -corpus-

body (corpuscle; corpus callosum)

-cortex-

outer layer (adrenal cortex; corticotrophic hormone)

-costa-

rib (costal cartilage; intercostal)

crypto-

hidden: cryptorchidism=>undescended or hidden testes

-cune

wedge (cuneiform)

-cyt, cyte, cyto-

cell (lymphocyte): erythrocyte=>red blood cell, cytoskeleton=>supportive fibers inside a cell

cyano-

dark blue (cyanosis)

-cyst-

bladder (fibrocystic)

-dendron-

treelike (dendrite)

-dent-

tooth, pointed (dentate; peridont)

-derm-

skin, layer (ectoderm; dermal): dermatology=>study of skin

di-

two, twice (divide): diploid=>two set of chromosomes

dia-

through, apart, across, between (diameter; dialysis): diapedesis=>ooze through

dis-

different, apart, apart from, away, reversal, negative (disinfect):dessect=>cut apart

diplo-

two, divided (diploid)

dura-

hard, lasting (dura mater)

-dynia

pain: mastodynia=>breast pain

dys-

bad, hard, difficult (dysentery): dysmentia=>bad mind

e-, ef

out of, out, from, away from (eject): eviscerate=>take out viscera

ecto-

outside, external, on outer side (ectoparasite): ectoderm=>outer skin

-ectomy

to cut out, cut out: appendectomy=>cut out the appendix

-edem-

swell: myoedema=>swelling of a muscle

-emia

blood: anemia=>deficiency of blood

endo-

within, inner (endoderm; endocardium): endometrium=>within the uterus

entero-

intestine: enteritis=>inflammation of the intestine

epi-

upon, on the surface, on: epidermis=>on the skin

erythro-

red: erythrocyte=>red blood cell

eu-

well, good: euphoria=>well being

ex-

out, away from: exhalation=>breathe out

exo-

outside, on outer side: exogenous=>originating outside

extra-

beyond, outside of (extracellular)

-ferent

carry: afferent=>carrying to the central nervous system

fovea-

a small pit (fovea centralis)

-form

expressing resemblance: fusiform=> resembling a fusion

gala-, lac-

milk (galactose, lactose)

gastro-

stomach: gastrodynia=>stomach ache

-gen, genesis

produce, producing, beginning, origin (genesis; collagen): pathogenesis => origin of disease

gloss-,-glosso-

tongue (glossopharyngeal): hypoglossal=>under the tongue

glyco-

sugar, sweet (glycose): glycolysis=>breakdown of sugar

-gram

letter or record, a drawing (electrocardiogram): myogram=>drawing of a muscle contraction

graph-

writing, instrument that records (kymograph): myograph=>instrument for measuring muscle contraction

gyn-

woman (gynecology)

hemato-, hemo-, hem-

blood (hematology): hemopoiesis=>formation of blood

hemi-

half (hemisphere): hemiplegia=>paralysis of half of the body

hepato-

liver (hepatic): hepatitis=> inflammation of the liver

hetero-

varied, different, other (heterogenous. heterodont)

hist-, histo-

tissue, tissue web: histology=>study of tissues

homeo-, homo-

same (homology): homeostasis=> state of staying the same, homologous => alike in structure or origin

hydro-

water, wet (hydroscopic): hydrocephalus=>fluid within the head

hyper-

above, over, excessive: hypertrophic=>overgrowth

hypo-

below, under, deficient (hypodermic): hypotension=>low blood pressure

-iatr- treat, cure

pediatrics=>treatment of children

iasis-

condition of (cholelithiasis)

infer-

below (inferior)

infra-

below, beneath: infraorbital=>below the eye

inter-

between: intercostals=>between the rib

intra-

within: intraocular=>within the eye

ism

condition, state of: dimorphism: condition of two forms

iso-

the same, equal: isotonic=>same tension

-itis

inflammation (appendicitis): gastritis=>inflammation of the stomach

kerato-

cornea or horny tissue: keratinization=>formation of a hard tissue

kin-

move or moving (kinetic): kinesiology=>study of movement

leuco-, leuko

white: leucocyte=>white blood cell

-logy

knowledge or study (physiology): histology=>study of tissue

-lysis

dissolving, breaking up (hemolysis): glycolysis=>breakdown of sugar

macro-

large: macrophage=>large phagocytic cell

mal-

bad: malnutrition=>bad nutrition

mast-

breast: mastectomy=>excision of the breast

mega-

great: megacolon=>large colon

melano-

black: melanocyte=>black pigment-producing skin cell

meso-

middle, mid: mesoderm=>middle skin

meta-

beyond, after, change, or transformation (metacarpal, metamorphosis): metastasis=>beyond original position

mono-

one, single (monocyte): monosaccaride=>one sugar

morpho, -morph--

body, shape, form (morphology): morphogenesis=>formation of tissues and organs

myelo-

marrow, spinal cord: myeloid=>derived from bone marrow

myo-

muscle (myogenic): mycocardium=>heart muscle

narco-

numbness: narcotic=>drug producing stupor or weakness

necro-

death (necrosis)

neo-

new: neonatal=>first few weeks of life

nephro-

kidney: nephrectomy=>removal of kidney

neuro-

nerve: neuritis=>inflammation of a nerve

oculo-

eye: oculomotor=>movement of the eye

odont-

tooth or teeth: odontomy=>cutting a tooth

-ole

small (bronchiole)

oligo-

few, scanty, little: oliguria=>little urine

-oma

tumor (fibroma): carcinoma=>cancerous tumor

-op-

see, sight: myopia=>nearsighted

ophthalm-

eye: ophthalmology=>study of the eye

ortho-

straight, normal: orthodontics=>discipline dealing with the straightening of teeth

-osteo-

bone (periosteum): osteocyte=>bone cell

oto-

ear: otolith=>ear stone

ovi-

egg (oviduct)

para-

beside, beyond, near to (parathyroid): paranasal=>near the nose

patho-, -pathy

disease (pathology): cardiopathy=> disease of the heart

-penia

deficiency: thrombycytopenia=>deficiency of thrombocytes

per-

through, excessive, excessively: permeate=>pass through

peri-

around (pericardium): periosteum=>around bone

-phag, phago-

eat or eating (phagocyte): dysphagia=>difficulty eating or swallowing

-phas-

speak, utter: aphasia=>unable to speak

-phil

like, love, loving (hemophilia): hydrophilic=>water-loving

phleb-

vein: phlebotomy=>incision into a vein

phobia-

fear: hydrophobia=>fear of water

-plegia

paralyze: paraplegia=>paralysis of lower limbs

-pnea

breathe or breathing: apnea=>lack of breathing

pneumo-

air, gas, or lung (pneumonia): pneumothorax=>air in the thorax

pod-

foot: pdodiatry=>treatment of foot disorders

-poie-

making, production: hematopoiesis=>make blood cells

poly-

many, much (polyuria): polycythemia=>excess red blood cells

post-

behind, after (posterior, post-surgery): postpartum=>after childbirth

pre-, pro-

before, in front of (premature): prenatal=>before birth, prosect=>to cut before-for the purpose of demonstration

procto-

anus, rectum: proctoscope=>instrument for examing the rectum

proto-

first (protoplasm)

pseudo-

false (pseudopodia): pseudostratified=>falsely layered

psycho-

mind, soul (psychology): psychosomatic=>effect of the mind on the body

pulmo-

lung (pulmonary)

-renal-

kidney (renal artery; suprarenal)

rhino-

nose (rhinoscope)

-rrhea-

flow, discharge: rhinorrhea=>nasal discharge

-rrhage,-rrhagia

bursting forth, pour: hemorrhage=>bleed

sarco-

flesh (sarcolemma)

sclero-

hard (sclerosis): arteriosclerosis=>hardening of the arteries

semi-

half (semicircular): semilunar=>shaped like a half moon

-stasis

stop, stand still: hemostasis=>stop bleeding

sub-

below, under (subclavian): subcutaneous=>under the skin

-some, somato-

body (chromosome): somatotropin=>hormone causing body growth

super-, supra-

above, upon (suprascapula): suprarenal=>above the kidney

sym, syn-

binding together, together, with (synapse): symphysis=>growing together

tachy- fast, swift

tachycardia (rapid heart rate)

therm, thermo-

heat (thermometer)

-tome, -tomy

cutting, cut, incise (microtome): phlebotomy=>incision of a vein

tox-

poison (toxemia): antitoxin=>substance that counteracts a poison

trans-

across, through, beyond (transverse): transection=>cut across

-trophy, -troph-

nourishment, nourish (atrophy):hypertrophy=>overnourishment, enlarge

-tropic

changing, influencing: gonadotropic=>influencing the gonads

-uria

urine (glycosuria): polyuria=>excess urine

vaso-, vas-

vessel (vasodilation):vasoconstriction=>decreased diameter of blood vessel

viscer-

internal organ: visceromotor (movement of internal organs)

vermis-

worm (vermiform)

zyg-

yoked, paired: zygote=> diploid cell