Cardio

Cardiology is the branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and parts of the circulatory system. Cardiologists diagnose and treat various conditions related to the heart and blood vessels.

Heart →muscly organ that pumps blood throughout the body

Blood → composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

Arteries → carrying blood with oxygen (red blood cells have hemoglobin that the oxygen binds to)

Veins → carry blood without oxygen back to the heart

Capillaries → facilitate the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues

Importance of the Circulatory System

  • Plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis

  • Ensures a steady flow of nutrients and oxygen to cells in the body while also removing waste products

  • Contributes to regulation of body temperature, pH balance, and immune response

  • Also known as the cardiovascular system


Blood Function:

  • Transports oxygen and nutrients to all of the parts of the body

  • Carries carbon dioxide and other waste materials to the lungs, kidneys, digestive system

  • Contains immune cells and antibodies to help the body fight infections

  • Distributes heat


PLASMA


RBC’s


WBC’s


Red blood cells, also called erythrocytes, make up 45% of the blood. RBC’s contain a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.


White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are part of the body's immune system. They help the body fight off infection and other diseases..


Liquid plasma makes up 54% of the blood. The plasma contains H2O, proteins, salts. to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.

Act as mechanical protection for the heart and many big vessels, split into three layers (technically 4):


Endocardium

  • Encloses the heart and its major vessels, keeps the heart in a stable position

Myocardium

  • Generate the force needed to to circulate the blood throughout the body 

Epicardium

  • Contains blood vessels and is connective tissue of the heart, regenerates and nourishes the heart

Pericardium 

  • Acts as the mechanical protection of the heart and its major vessels, lubricates the heart to reduce friction in the heart 


Atria - Facilitate circulation via receiving blood from the veins and pump it into the ventricles.


Arteries - Vessels that carry blood away from the heart 


Ventricles - Take blood from the heart’s upper chambers (atrias) and pump it to the rest of the body 


Veins - Vessels that carry blood to the heart


Pulmonary Valves - open and close, allowing blood to flow into different places*


Heart Walls - Act as mechanical protection for the heart and many big vessels, split into three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

Atria - Facilitate circulation via receiving blood from the veins and pump it into the ventricles.


Arteries - Vessels that carry blood away from the heart 


Ventricles - Take blood from the heart’s upper chambers (atrias) and pump it to the rest of the body 


Veins - Vessels that carry blood to the heart


Pulmonary Valves - open and close, allowing blood to flow into different places*


Heart Walls - Act as mechanical protection for the heart and many big vessels, split into three layers: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

CHD SYMPTOMS Symptoms include abnormal heart rhythms, blue-tinted skin, shortness of breath, failure to feed or develop normally, and swollen body tissue or organs. Tetralogy of Fallot- a hole between the left and right ventricle


Cardiac arrhythmia:  occurs when electrical impulses in the heart don't work properly.

There may be no symptoms. Or, symptoms may include a fluttering in the chest, chest pain, fainting, or dizziness.


HYPERTENSION: AKA- High Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Arteries carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body. Cyst. over Di-- reading a blood pressure machine


Heart Failure: Two Types- Cant Fill: systolic-- stretched and thin chambers Cant pump: Diastolic thick and stiff chabers



EKG*: records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different heart conditions. 

Echocardiogram: uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. This common test can show blood flow through the heart and heart valves


CC: used to study the various functions of the heart or to obtain diagnostic information about the heart or its vessels. A small incision is made in an artery or vein in the arm, neck, or groin. The catheter is threaded through the artery or vein into the heart. Dye through the artery then they put the catheter-- they  use the catheter to