abstract ppt

Abstract of a Research

Definition of Abstracts

  • A condensed summary of a research paper, usually one paragraph in length.

  • Length can vary from 200-300 words or more.

  • Serves to encapsulate the major aspects of the entire writing.

Uses or Importance of Abstracts

  • Selection: Helps readers quickly identify the relevance of the research to their purposes.

  • Indexing: Enhances searchability by incorporating key terms researchers would typically use. Quick retrieval by users.

Reasons for Writing Abstracts

  • Submission of Articles to journals.

  • Application for Research Grants

  • Completion and submission of theses

  • Submission of proposals for Conference Papers

Parts or Sections of an Abstract

  • Reason for Writing

  • Problem

  • Methodology

  • Results

  • Implications

Qualities of a Good Abstract

  • Quantitative and Qualitative Information

  • Sufficient information

  • Short

  • Understandable

  • Self-Contained

  • Exact

Types of Abstracts

Critical Abstract

  • Describe main findings and information

  • judgments or comment about the study’s validity, reliability, or completeness.

  • evaluates the paper and often compares with other works on the same subject

  • Generally 400-500 words, due to the interpretive commentary.

Descriptive Abstract

  • Indicates type of information found in the work

  • Makes no judgement, nor does it provides results or conclusion of the research

  • Usually short, 100 words or less.

  • incorporate key words found in the text and May include purpose, methods, and scope of the research.

Informative Abstract

  • Acts as a surrogate for th work itself

  • Present and explain all the main arguments and the importatnt results and evidence

  • includes info that can found in descriptive abstract, as well as results, conclusion, recommendation

  • no more than 300 words

Highlight Abstract

  • to attract reader’s attention to the study.

  • no pretence is made of there being either a balance or complete picture of paper

  • Cannot stand independent of its associated article

  • rarely used in academic writing.

How to Write an Abstract

  • Re-read all sections of the paper.

  • Pickup Major Points from each section

  • check word length for each major point

  • Edit for Flow and Cohesion

Qualities of a Good Abstract (Continued)

  • Coherent and Concise and indepenent with good transition

  • covers all of the parts or sections Chronological Order

  • contains info only included in paper

  • written in Plain English understandable by majority of the readers

  • focuses on issue rather than people