Fashion Quiz 1

Fashion is a type of clothing popular at a particular place and time

Reasons for wearing clothes: Physical: To keep our bodies safe from exposure and injury Psychological: To feel good Social: To get along with others and fit in
Style- a distinctive or unique appearance Values- the principles or standards a person considers important Heritage- cultural traditions passed on from previous generations

\ History of fashion intro

During ancient times, garments were made, by hand with whatever materials were available.
After people learned how to make and use tools, they taught themselves how to weave fabric & sew clothes
Fashions changed slowly, and people wore the same styles for generations
Earliest evidence of people wearing woven cloth dates back to 25000 BCE
Earliest fabric ever discovered by archaeologists dates from 7000 BCE

Egypt

Ancient Egyptians wove linen and cotton from flax and cotton plants grown in the region
Type of clothing worn reflected their social status * The higher the status, the more detail in the jewelry and the more embroidered embellishments on garments

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greeks used wool to create fabrics since they raised goats and sheep
Like the Egyptians, status dictated the amount of jewelry worn and whether their fabric had colourful designs
Garment examples: Himation and chiton

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Roman Empire

Romans conquered Greece in 146 BCE and absorbed much of the culture and society, including Greek styles of clothing
Colour of garment was telling * Only the emperor wore purple
Garment examples: Toga and stola

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China

Ancient China consisted of many different regions, each with its own clothing style
When the regions were unified in 221 BCE, clothing styles became similar across the country
Women – coats & long skirts

Men – long robes

Japan

The standard dress for men & women was the kimono
Early kimonos were made from one piece of linen but later were made using 2 silk pieces * A wide decorative sash (obi) was added later

Africa

Cotton from India was introduced to Africa by 400 CE
By 800 CE, Africans were trading ivory, ostrich eggs, copper and gold for Indian silk * Clothing reflected styles from India

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Introduction

The Industrial Revolution brought upon technological advance which changed fashion
When clothing became more affordable due to technology advances and production changes, people began to vary their wardrobes
Increasing demand for clothing and textiles led to further innovation and encouraged production, leading to the development of the modern textile industry

French Fashion

The early 18th century continued to be a time of elegant fashion for the French nobility
Style at the this time was known as Rococo

Rococo: an excessively ornate style of European architecture and art from 1720 to 1770

By embracing this new style, the French royal court continued to set the style for fashionable Europeans

THE EMPIRE & VICTORIAN PERIODS

After the deaths of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI in 1793 came the Empire period

Empire period: the years 1804 – 1815, during the reign of French Emperor Napoleon I

Dress styles became looser and more flowing and were later given an empire waist, with the waistline immediately below the bust
No pockets so began the practice of carrying a purse
Men’s clothing changed to the cut-away jacket that evolved into the tailcoat and eventually became the knee-length frock coat, while trousers replaced breeches
In the 1800s, influence on fashion shifted from French royalty to British royalty

Victorian period: the time during the reign of Queen Victoria, from 1837 to 1901

Britain’s Queen Victoria fashion influence was so widespread that when she chose to wear white on her wedding day, she started a tradition that carries on today

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Age of Enlightenment: the period in Western culture from approximately 1650 – 1800, when philosophy and academic thought began to challenge tradition and faith

Searched for ways to make ordinary tasks easier; an age

Industrial Revolution: period from 1750-1850 when steam power and new inventions led to the building of factories and mass production, starting in Britain

many textile industry advancements were made
Since most of the first inventions that changed how textiles and clothes were made were developed in Britain, Britain became the centre of the textile industry’s mechanization
later spread to Western Europe and North Americ

2ND WAVE OF INNOVATION

2nd Industrial Revolution: period after the 1st Industrial Revolution, from 1860-1914, when the introduction of steel and electricity revolutionized manufacturing

Beginning of this period was marked by: * A way to cheaply produce large quantities of steel was invented * Petroleum began to be widely available, making the internal combustion engine much more practical as a power source

THE SEWING MACHINE

French tailor named Barthelemy Thimonnier was the first to successfully invent and manufacture a sewing machine
After the sewing machine was invented, workers were brought into factories so that production could be overseen * This was the start of the garment industry
Since most middle-class Americans made their own clothes, the sewing machine was an essential tool in every home
In 1854, Ellen Demorest came up with the idea of creating patterns for dresses out of paper
With a pattern and sewing machine, women from any income level could make clothing that was fashionable * Only the expense of the fabric revealed social class differences

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