ANSWERSUnit1Review

QUESTIONS	ANSWERS
Overview
1. Describe the big picture from 1200- 1450 CE in the Global Tapestry.	1. Major civilizations growing larger. World religions continue to influence life and culture. Technological innovations continue. Smaller states, local religions beliefs, old technology continue to decline.
2. State-Building & maintenance of the state are a major theme of unit 1. What is a state?	2. An organized political community under one government (like a country, empire, nation, etc.)
ChinaThe Song Dynasty (960-1276 CE)
3. What innovations continued the Golden Age for China, kept it an economic powerhouse & helped to unify China in this time period?	3. Gunpowder & expansion of the Grand Canal which was started in the Sui Dynasty. The Grand Canal boosted trade between regions and kept culture more consistent.
4. Why was the introduction of Champa Rice so important for the Song Dynasty?	4. It was a drought resistant crop that matured early, increasing the amount of food available in the empire, therefore increasing the population.


5. What continuities existed in Chinese culture and government during the Song dynasty?	5. The revival of Confucianism and the expansion of the Civil Service Exam helped to bring order and stability to society while continuing the meritocracy within the imperial bureaucracy.
Middle EastAbbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE)
6. Describe the condition of the Abbasid caliphate as the Song dynasty thrived.	6. From the 9th to the 12th century, the Abbasids were fractured by invaders and falling apart.
7. Which other Muslim States were growing in power as the Abbasids declined?	7. The Delhi Sultanate in India (1206- 1526). The Mamluk Sultanate in North Africa (1250-1517).
8. Who were the Mamluks?	8. Non-Muslims who were enslaved, forcibly converted to Islam and became soliders. They eventually overthrew an Egyptian sultanate to form their own sultanate.
Comparison
9. Compare the Song Dynasty and the Abbasid Dynasty in this era.	9. The Song Dynasty was flourishing while the Abbasid caliphate was declining.

Southeast Asia
10. In South Asia (India) what new states emerged that used trade to expand their influence in this period?
West AfricaMali Empire (c. 1230 to 1670 CE)
11. How did the rulers of the Mali Empire increase their power?
The AmericasAztec Empire (1428-1521 CE) & Inca Empire (1438-1533)
12. How did the Aztecs maintain control of their empire?
13. How did the Inca improve and maintain their state?
Western Europe

14. What was feudalism?	14. A rigid hierarchy with Kings, Nobles, Knights, Peasants and Serfs.
15. How did Europe change through this time period and create more powerful states?	15. The feudal system began to break down and powerful kings were able to increase their power.
Religion and Statebuilding
16. What was the significace of Islam to state building in Afro-Eurasia?	16. Islam united people with shared belief and language (Arabic)
17. What was the significance of Confucianism to state building in China?	17. It justified the rule of the emperor over his subjects, and was the doctrine that the imperial bureaucracy had to be well versed in due to the Civil Service exam.
18. How were Hinduism and Buddhism significant	18. Both were used to consolidate power. Hinduism’s caste system was particularly useful for this.

in state building in South and Southeast Asia?
19. How was Catholicism significant to state building in Europe?	19. The Roman Catholic Church helped to provide structure in weak European states, but as states grew in power - they began to struggle to break away from the power of the Church in order to increase the power of secular authorities.
20. Comparison: What did all major world religions have in common in this era and what effect did they have?	20. They all spread. Christianity, Islam & Buddhism were conversionist religions. They all sent missionaries to different parts of the globe. This weakened local more indigenous religions.
21. How did the creation of the Delhi Sultanate and the expansion of trade help to spread Islam?	21. In the Delhi Sultanate social conversions for opportunity and avoidance of the jizya eventually led to 25% of the population of India converting to Islam. Merchants, who traveled everywhere, brought more than goods with them. Those they interacted with learned about Islam, and the religion spread.
Technology and Innovation 1200-1450
22. What innovation from China helped to improve education as it spread west?23. What was the Abbasid Dynasty’s House of Wisdom, in	22. As paper making technology spread it led to increased literacy in Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa.23. It was a place where scholars gathered to study and translate important texts from Europe and Asia.

Baghdad?	They had the most advanced medical knowledge in the world. A Persian scientists who the west eventually called Rhazes (Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi) wrote books on medicine that were translated into Latin and considered the best texts in Europe until the 17th century. Much of this knowledge drew from the works of ancient Greece preserved in Arabic, and Indian medical knowledge. These made their way back to Europe through scholars in Muslim & Christian Spain.
Pastoralists 1200-1450
24. What was the importance of the Mongols during this time period?	24. They controlled a vast territory across Afro-Eurasia increasing political stability and providing a safe environment that encouraged trade along the Silk Road. Their vast empire also led to increased cross-cultural interactions.
25. How did the role of nomadic pastoralists change in this time period?	25. They were no longer the transmitters of culture and technology between peoples and empires. Instead, organized groups of merchants took on this role.