Long term memory
What is long term memory? | Stores information for up to a lifetime limitless capacity & duration. |
Declarative/Explicit memory and procedural/non declarative memory. | Research into LTMH has shown that LTM is not a single unitary store, rather it seems to have many different components which may be represented by separate brain systems. (challenges MSM) There is a major distention between two types of LTM.
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Procedural memory | Knowing how to do something is procedural memory. Consider the many skills we have that we cannot recall how to perform, for example how to walk, cycle, swim. This is because it is an unconscious effect. |
Declarative memory:
Semantic:
Episodic: | There are at least two types of declarative memory.
Consists of our general knowledge about the world. For example, the facts we learn at school, knowing London is the capital of England.
The ability to form, store & recall memories of personal past events/experiences. It's important in daily task e.g. remembering where you parked your car, time of the revision class you attended.
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Long-term memory | ||
Explicit memory (declarative) Memory with conscious recall | Implicit memory (non - declarative memory) Memory without conscious recall. | |
Episodic memory Events you have experienced | Semantic memory General knowledge, facts | Procedural memory Moter skills, actions |
Experiments:
Henry Roediger | Roediger pointed out that when people use the term remembering they are generally referring to a process where they are consciously recalling things from their past learning (declarative memory) This, however, cannot account for all forms of remembering. Sometimes we demonstrate that we have knowledge by doing something (procedural). |
Tulving | Brain scans – 6 volunteers found Episodic – frontal lobe active Sematic – Back cortex active Therefore, two separate systems. |
Heindel | Huntingdon's disease Patients no problem Learning facts (sematic) Unable to learn new skills (procedural)
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