Weed Science Contest Notes

Weed Identification List

• Naming convention source: Composite List of Weeds (WSSA)

Spore-producing plants

Equisetaceae

• Horsetail Family
  • 1 Equisetum arvense field horsetail

Monocots

Cyperaceae

• Sedge Family
  • 2 Cyperus esculentus yellow nutsedge

Poaceae (Gramineae)

• Grass Family
  • 3 Digitaria ischaemum smooth crabgrass
  • 4 Digitaria sanguinalis large crabgrass
  • 5 Echinochloa crus-galli barnyardgrass
  • 6 Eleusine indica goosegrass
  • 7 Elymus repens quackgrass
  • 8 Lolium perenne L. spp. multiflorum Italian ryegrass
  • 9 Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass
  • 10 Panicum capillare witchgrass
  • 11 Panicum dichotomiflorum fall panicum
  • 12 Panicum miliaceum Wild proso millet
  • 13 Phragmites australis common reed
  • 14 Poa annua annual bluegrass
  • 15 Setaria faberi giant foxtail
  • 16 Setaria pumila yellow foxtail
  • 17 Sorghum bicolor shattercane
  • 18 Sorghum halepense johnsongrass

Dicots

Amaranthaceae

• Amaranth (Pigweed) Family
  • 19 Amaranthus palmeri Palmer amaranth
  • 20 Amaranthus retroflexus redroot pigweed
  • 21 Amaranthus spinosus spiny amaranth
  • 22 Amaranthus tuberculatus waterhemp

Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

• Parsley Family
  • 23 Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil
  • 24 Conium maculatum poison hemlock
  • 25 Daucus carota wild carrot

Apocynaceae

• Dogbane Family
  • 26 Apocynum cannabinum hemp dogbane

Asclepiadaceae

• Milkweed Family
  • 27 Asclepias syriaca common milkweed
  • 28 Cynanchum rossicum European swallowwort

Asteraceae (Composite)

• Aster Family
  • 29 Achillea millefolium common yarrow
  • 30 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed
  • 31 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed
  • 32 Anthemis cotula mayweed chamomile
  • 33 Arctium minus common burdock
  • 34 Artemisia vulgaris mugwort
  • 35 Centaurea stoebe spotted knapweed
  • 36 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle
  • 37 Cirsium vulgare bull thistle
  • 38 Erigeron canadensis horseweed
  • 39 Galinsoga quadriradiata hairy galinsoga
  • 40 Lactuca serriola prickly lettuce
  • 41 Senecio vulgaris common groundsel
  • 42 Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod
  • 43 Sonchus asper spiny sowthistle
  • 44 Taraxacum officinale dandelion
  • 45 Xanthium strumarium common cocklebur

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

• Mustard Family
  • 46 Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard
  • 47 Barbarea vulgaris yellow rocket
  • 48 Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd's-purse
  • 49 Lepidium virginicum Virginia pepperweed
  • 50 Raphanus raphanistrum wild radish
  • 51 Sinapis arvensis wild mustard
  • 52 Thlaspi arvense field pennycress

Caprifoliaceae

• Honeysuckle Family
  • 53 Lonicera tatarica Tatarian honeysuckle

Caryophyllaceae

• Pink Family
  • 54 Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare mouseear chickweed
  • 55 Silene latifolia white campion
  • 56 Stellaria media common chickweed

Chenopodiaceae

• Goosefoot Family
  • 57 Chenopodium album common lambsquarters

Convolvulaceae

• Morningglory Family
  • 58 Calystegia sepium hedge bindweed
  • 59 Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed
  • 60 Ipomoea hederacea ivyleaf morningglory
  • 61 Ipomoea purpurea tall morningglory

Cucurbitaceae

• Gourd Family
  • 62 Sicyos angulatus burcucumber

Dipsacaceae

• Teasel Family
  • 63 Dipsacus fullonum common teasel

Euphorbiaceae

• Spurge Family
  • 64 Chamaesyce humistrata ground spurge

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

• Pea (Bean) Family
  • 65 Medicago lupulina black medic
  • 66 Trifolium repens white clover

Haloragaceae

• Watermilfoil Family
  • 67 Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian watermilfoil

Hydrocharitaceae

• Frog's-bit Family
  • 68 Hydrilla verticillata hydrilla

Labiatae (Lamiaceae)

• Mint Family
  • 69 Glechoma hederacea ground ivy
  • 70 Lamium amplexicaule henbit
  • 71 Lamium purpureum purple deadnettle

Lythraceae

• Loosestrife Family
  • 72 Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife

Malvaceae

• Mallow Family
  • 73 Abutilon theophrasti velvetleaf
  • 74 Anoda cristata spurred anoda
  • 75 Hibiscus trionum Venice mallow
  • 76 Malva neglecta common mallow
  • 77 Sida spinosa prickly sida

Oxialidaceae

• Woodsorrel Family
  • 78 Oxalis stricta yellow woodsorrel

Phytolaccaceae

• Pokeweed Family
  • 79 Phytolacca americana common pokeweed

Plantaginaceae

• Plantain Family
  • 80 Plantago lanceolata buckhorn plantain
  • 81 Plantago major broadleaf plantain

Polygonaceae

• Buckwheat Family
  • 82 Fallopia convolvulus wild buckwheat
  • 83 Polygonum aviculare prostrate knotweed
  • 84 Polygonum persicaria lady's thumb
  • 85 Reynoutria japonica Japanese knotweed
  • 86 Rumex acetosella red sorrel
  • 87 Rumex crispus curly dock
  • 88 Rumex obtusifolius broadleaf dock

Portulacaceae

• Purslane Family
  • 89 Portulaca oleracea common purslane

Rosaceae

• Rose Family
  • 90 Rosa multiflora multiflora rose

Ranunculaceae

• Buttercups
  • 91 Ranunculus acris tall buttercup

Rhamnaceae

• Buckthorn Family
  • 92 Rhamnus cathartica European buckthorn

Rubiaceae

• Madder Family
  • 93 Galium aparine catchweed bedstraw
  • 94 Galium mollugo smooth bedstraw

Scrophulariaceae

• Figwort Family
  • 95 Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax
  • 96 Veronica arvensis corn speedwell
  • 97 Veronica peregrina purslane speedwell

Solanaceae

• Nightshade Family
  • 98 Datura stramonium jimsonweed
  • 99 Physalis longifolia var. subglabrata smooth groundcherry
  • 100 Solanum carolinense Carolina horsenettle
  • 101 Solanum physalifolium hairy nightshade
  • 102 Solanum ptychanthum eastern black nightshade

2025 Unknown Herbicide CROP-WEED list

List of Crops (planted from seed unless otherwise noted)

• 1 Alfalfa
• 2 Canola
• 3 Corn, field
• 4 Pumpkins
• 5 Peas and/or snap beans
• 6 Soybean
• 7 Sunflower
• 8 Wheat
• 9 Grain sorghum
• 10 Potato or tomato

List of Weeds

• 1 Barnyardgrass
• 2 Crabgrass, large
• 3 Foxtail, giant
• 4 Foxtail, yellow (optional)
• 5 Pigweed (Amaranthus species)
• 6 Lambsquarters, common
• 7 Velvetleaf
• 8 Morningglory (Ipomoea spp.)
• 9 Nutsedge, yellow

NEWSS COLLEGIATE WEED CONTEST – 2025

Herbicides

• No. - Herbicide - Familiar Trade Names - Herbicide Family - Mode of Action - WSSA Application Timing
  • 1 Clethodim - Select Max - cyclohexanedione - Fatty acid synthesis inhibitor - 1 POST
  • 2 Chlorimuron - Classic - sulfonylurea - ALS inhibitor - 2 POST
  • 3 Halosulfuron - Permit/Sandea - sulfonylurea - ALS inhibitor - 2 POST
  • 4 Nicosulfuron - Accent - sulfonylurea - ALS inhibitor - 2 POST
  • 5 Thifensulfuron - Harmony - sulfonylurea - ALS inhibitor - 2 POST
  • 6 Imazethapyr - Pursuit - imidazolinone - ALS inhibtor - 2 POST
  • 7 Pendimethalin - Prowl H2O - dinitroanaline - Seedling root/shoot inhibitor - 3 PRE
  • 8 s‐Metolachlor - Dual II Magnum - chloroacetamide - Seedling shoot inhibitor - 15 PRE
  • 9 Pyroxasulfone - Zidua - isoxazolines - Seedling shoot inhibitor - 15 PRE
  • 10 2,4-D - Various - phenoxy - Plant growth regulator - 4 POST
  • 11 Dicamba - Clarity - benzoic acid - Plant growth regulator - 4 POST
  • 12 Atrazine - Aatrex - triazine - Photosystem II inhibitor - 5 PRE
  • 13 Metribuzin - Sencor - triazine - Photosystem II inhibitor - 5 PRE
  • 14 Bentazon - Basagran - benzothiadiazole - Photosystem II inhibitor - 6 POST
  • 15 Bromoxynil - Buctril - nitrile - Photosystem II inhibitor - 6 POST
  • 16 Glyphosate - Roundup PowerMax - amino acid analog - Amino acid synthesis - 9 POST
  • 17 Glufosinate - Liberty 280 SL - amino acid analog - Nitrogen metabolism disrupter - 10 POST
  • 18 Clomazone - Command - isoxazolidinone - Pigment inhibitor - 13 PRE
  • 19 Flumioxazin - Valor SX - phenylphthalimide - PPO inhibitor - 14 PRE
  • 20 Fomesafen - Reflex - diphenyl ether - PPO inhibitor - 14 POST
  • 21 Saflufenacil - Sharpen - pyrimidinedione - PPO inhibitor - 14 PRE
  • 22 Paraquat - Gramoxone SL - bipyridylium - Cell membrane disrupter - 22 POST
  • 23 Isoxaflutole - Balance Flexx - isoxazole - HPPD inhibitor - 27 PRE
  • 24 Mesotrione - Callisto - triketone - HPPD inhibitor - 27 POST
  • 25 Topramezone - Impact - triketone - HPPD inhibitor - 27 POST
  • 26 Indaziflam - Alion - alkylazine - Cellulose synthesis inhibitor - 29 PRE

Herbicide Application Rates

• No. - Herbicide - Familiar Trade Names Application Timing - Formulation - Per Acre - Per Hectare
  • 1 Clethodim - Select Max - POST - 1 EC - 1 pt - 1.17 L
  • 2 Chlorimuron - Classic - PRE - 25 WG - 1 oz - 70 g
  • 3 Halosulfuron - Permit/Sandea - POST - 75 WG - 0.67 oz - 46.9 g
  • 4 Nicosulfuron - Accent - POST - 75 DF - 0.67 oz - 47 mL
  • 5 Thifensulfuron - Harmony - POST - 50 SG - 0.5 oz - 35 mL
  • 6 Imazethapyr - Pursuit - POST - 2 AS - 4 fl oz - 292 mL
  • 7 Pendimethalin - Prowl H2O - PRE - 3.8 SC - 3 pt - 3.51 L
  • 8 s‐Metolachlor - Dual II Magnum - PRE - 7.64 E - 1.33 pt - 1.56 L
  • 9 Pyroxasulfone - Zidua - PRE - 0.85 WG - 3 oz - 210 g
  • 10 2,4-D - Various - POST - 4 lb/gal amine - 1 pt - 1.17 L
  • 11 Dicamba - Clarity - POST - 4 S - 0.5 pt - 0.58 L
  • 12 Atrazine - Aatrex - PRE - 4 L - 1 qt - 2.34 L
  • 13 Metribuzin - Sencor - PRE - 75 DF - 0.25 lb - 0.28 kg
  • 14 Bentazon - Basagran - POST - 4 L - 1 qt - 2.34 L
  • 15 Bromoxynil - Buctril - POST - 2 EC - 1.5 pt - 1.75 L
  • 16 Glyphosate - Roundup PowerMax - POST - 4.5 lb ae/gal - 22 fl oz - 1.61 L
  • 17 Glufosinate - Liberty 280 SL - POST - 2.34 SL - 22 fl oz - 1.61 L
  • 18 Clomazone - Command - PRE - 3 ME - 1 pt - 1.17 L
  • 19 Flumioxazin - Valor SX - PRE - 51 WDG - 3 oz - 210.2 g
  • 20 Fomesafen - Reflex - POST - 2 LC - 1 pt - 1.17 L
  • 21 Saflufenacil - Sharpen - PRE - 2.85 SC - 2.5 fl oz - 183 mL
  • 22 Paraquat - Gramoxone SL - POST - 2 L - 1 qt - 2.34 L
  • 23 Isoxaflutole - Balance Flexx - PRE - 2 SC - 3fl oz - 219 mL
  • 24 Mesotrione - Callisto - POST - 4 SC - 3 fl oz - 219 mL
  • 25 Topramezone - Impact - POST - 2.8 SC - 0.75 fl oz - 55 mL
  • 26 Indaziflam - Alion - PRE - 1.67 SC - 5 fl oz - 366 mL
  • NOTE: Application rates are in amount of product per acre/hectare; appropriate adjuvants will be added to POST applications; rates are based on sandy soils