Gaudreault & Gunning (1-21) (1)

Title Information

Editor: André Gaudreault
Book Title: American Cinema, 1890-1909: Themes and Variations
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Location: New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Year of Publication: 2009
Source: ProQuest ebrary
Access Date: 27 January 2016
Copyright: Copyright © 2009 Rutgers University Press. All rights reserved.

Overview of Content

The book addresses various themes and variations in American cinema from the years 1890 to 1909.
It serves as a scholarly examination of the early years of film, looking into its cultural and historical significance.
The editor compiles contributions from various authors who explore different aspects of cinema during this transformative period.

Key Themes and Concepts

Early Cinema History: Analysis of the development of cinema in the United States during its formative years.
Cultural Influence: Insights into how American cinema reflected and influenced American culture and society.
Technological Advancements: Discussion of the innovations in filmmaking technology and how they shaped the industry.
Variations in Film Genre: Examination of the different genres that emerged during this period and how they evolved.
Impact on Narrative Structure: Exploration of how storytelling in film changed from simple narratives to more complex structures.

Definitions

a. Nickelodeons: These were the first dedicated motion picture theaters that emerged in the early 20th century. They charged a nominal fee of five cents for admission, making films accessible to the working class and contributing significantly to the popularity and growth of film-viewing as a widespread form of entertainment. Nickelodeons often featured a variety of short films, attracting large audiences and playing a crucial role in the early film industry's expansion.

b. “Exchangemen”: These individuals served as intermediaries in the early film industry, responsible for the distribution of films from producers to localized theaters. Exchangemen played a significant role in the supply chain of film, ensuring that films reached a wider audience. They helped to create networks between filmmakers and theaters, fostering the growth of cinema as a business.

c. Motion Picture Patents Company (MPCC): Established in 1908, the MPCC was a trust formed by major film producers to control various aspects of film production and distribution. The aim was to monopolize the film industry, standardize practices, and protect their profits, which also led to conflicts with independent filmmakers. The MPCC's influence impacted the dynamics of the film industry during its operation.

d. Actuality films vs. story films: Actuality films are a genre of non-fiction films that depict real-life events and situations. They are often short and aim to showcase reality without embellishment. In contrast, story films are fictional narratives that feature constructed plots and characters. Story films typically follow structured storytelling and use actors to convey their narratives, marking a shift towards more complex cinematic experiences.

e. “Cinema of attractions”: This term refers to the early films that prioritized spectacle and visual impact over coherent storytelling. The focus was on capturing the audience's attention through exciting imagery and experiences, often utilizing innovative techniques and surprising visuals. These films tended to be more about provoking awe and wonder rather than delivering a structured narrative.

f. Spanish-American War: This conflict, which occurred in 1898, had a significant impact on American cinema by inspiring themes of nationalism, heroism, and conflict within film narratives. The war coincided with the rise of motion pictures, and filmmakers often used the backdrop of this war to create compelling narratives that resonated with audiences, reflecting the country's growing sense of identity and involvement in global affairs.