| 7 | | - This sites indicates that AMH may have travelled from Siberia to the Americas pre-Last Glacial Maximum. The site has a long record of occupation by humans but the earliest dates to between 16,000 – 19,000 years ago. | | 5 | | - Climate change is exposing northern sites once locked in permafrost. This site is evidence that AMH lived north of the Arctic Circle ~32,000 years ago. This showed that people had moved north when the ice retreated, prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, ~22,000 years ago. The very cold and wet conditions created fantastic preservation of organic materials like charcoal rich hearths. There was also hundreds of animal bones, ivory pieces, and numerous artifacts found at the site and indicates a sustained AMH settlement. | | 9 | | - This is a waterlogged site with extraordinary organic preservation. There is evidence of a 60-foot-long tent-like structure (could have housed up to 30 people). Near the structure were two hearths with preserved charcoal that dated to ~14,500 years ago. Further evidence included preserved meat, firewood, wooden slabs, the burned tip of a long lance, rudimentary pebble tools used for scraping and cutting, 10 different species of seaweed, and biface fragments. | | 1 | | - This site in Israel has the oldest remains of AMHs outside of Africa (skull dating to ~55,000 years ago). The site had stone tools such as points, burins (chisels used for engraving or carving wood or bone), scalpels, blades, and scrapers have been recovered. Animal bone recovered from the site included deer, gazelle, horse, aurochs (wild cattle), hyena, and bear. AMH teeth have been recovered from different parts of the cave. | | 2 | | - This site in France has the oldest AMH skeletal evidence in Europe. The site dates to 51,700 - 56,800 years ago. Teeth from at least 7 individuals were recovered as well as stone tool evidence that connects AMH to both the Levant and Africa (same kind of AMH stone tools in all three regions). | | 4 | | - The oldest human remains in Australia were the cremated bones of a woman. The remains were dated to ~42,000 years ago. This makes the remains also the earliest ritually cremated remains found anywhere in the world. | | 8 | | - One of the sites that has some solid dates for the Americas is a site in Mexico. Excavations at the site discovered 1,900 stone tools of different types (points, scrappers, etc.). The artifacts were dated by 46 different radiocarbon samples of adjacent animal bones, charcoal, and sediment samples and gave a date range of 13,000 – 16,600 years ago. This date range would indicate that AMH had travelled to North America prior to the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. | | 6 | | - Human footprints dated to between 21,000 – 23,000 years ago were discovered in ancient lake sediments. Preserved grass seeds in strata above and below the footprints were dated using radiocarbon and provide the range of dates. These dates would indicate humans were in North America prior to the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. | | 3 | | - This site can be found on the Malaysian portion of Borneo. The oldest skeletal remains, "Deep Skull", was dated based both on 14C dates of charcoal in the strata with the skull and dates of the strata the skull was in using uranium-series dating. The result for "Deep Skull" was a date range of 39,000 - 45,000 years age. |
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