Module 29: what is intelligence

  • Intelligence

    • the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge adapt to new situations .

Is intelligence one general ability?

Charles spearman - believed we have one general intelligence

General intelligence -

Underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

One of spearman's early critics - L.L. Thurstone

  • Gave 56 tests

  • The cattell-horn-carroll intelligence theory

Spearman general intelligence (g)

A basic intelligence predicts our abilities in varied academic areas

ThurStone's primary mental abilities

Our intelligence may be broken down into seven distinct factors

Raymond cattell and his student John horn simplified ThurStone's primary mental abilities into two factors:

fluid intelligence - ( gf) our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, as when solving logic problems -

and crystallized intelligence (gc) - our accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and applied skills

  • The cattell-horn-carroll intelligence theory

    Brings all of these abilities together in one cumulative framework affirming a general intellectual ability factor and the existence of a gf and gc

    The CHC theory remains influential because it recognizes that intelligence compromises many abilities but under specific abilities lies a broader umbrella of general knowledge

Gardeners eight intelligences

Views intelligence domains as multiple abilities that come in different packages

Linguistic intelligence

A woman speaking at a podium

Logical mathematical

A woman writing on A whiteboard

Musical

A woman conducting an orchestra

Spatial

A woman painting on an canvas

Bodily -kinesthetic

A ballet leap

Intrapersonal

A Woman conducting therapy with a client

Interpersonal

A woman talking to a group of three friends

Naturalist

A woman on a hike wearing a backpack and using binoculars

Savant syndrome

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an

Exceptional specific skill ex) drawing

Sternberg's three intelligences

Robert sternberg agrees with Gardner that there is more to success

Than academic intelligence and that we have multiple intelligences

Sternberg proposes three, not eight measured intelligences

Analytical (academic problem solving ) intelligence

Assessed by intelligence tests School grades

Creative Intelligence

. Innovated smarts: the ability to generate novel ideas and

Adapt to new situations

Practiced intelligence ‘

Required for everyday tasks that may be poorly defined

And have multiple solutions

Success is a

Combination of talent and grit

Emotional intelligence

‘ perceiving emotions

‘ recognizing them in faces, music, and stories and being able to

Identify our own emotions

Understanding emotions

Predicting them and how they may change and blend

Managing emotions

Knowing how to express them in varied situations and how to

Handle other's emotions

Using emotions

Facilitate adaptive or creative thinking