readings

Monday: ecosystem services in urban areas

def: ‘Ecosystem services’ refers to the benefits human populations derive from ecosystems

ecosystem: ‘‘a set of interacting species and their local, non-biological environment functioning together to sustain life

The quality of life for urban citizens is improved by locally generated services, e.g. air quality and noise levels that cannot be improved with the help of distant ecosystem

An understanding of the importance of ecosystem services could also mean that unexploited urban areas can be maintained or even expanded.

WEDNESDAY:

conservation in the 1960s which prioritizes wilderness and intact natural habitats, generally without people, and has scientific underpinnings from wildlife ecology, natural history, and theoretical ecology.throughout the 1960s, with a focus on species conservation and protected area management, and remains a dominant ideology for many people today.

nature without people 70s and 80s: threats to species and habitats from humans and on strategies to reverse and reduce them.as well as intense debates about community-based management and the sustainable use of wildlife, stem from this period ( 4) and persist to the present.

1990s “nature for people.” Conservation thinking moved away from species and toward ecosystems By Georgina M. Mace CONSERVATION SERIES as a focus for integrated management, with the goal of providing sustainable benefits for people in the form of ecosystem goods and services ( 9)—“nature for people.”

people and nature” 2010: Environmental change Resilience Adaptability Socioecological systems view, the science has moved fully away from a focus on species and protected areas and into a shared human nature environment, where the form, function, adaptability, and resilience provided complex ( 18), and the commodification of nature, even with the best intentions, will have unintended and potentially deleterious outcomes for conservation ( 11)

= Current conservation science and practice includes all four framings,

A third implication of the multiple framings concerns the role of valuation. Most environmental decisions are made on the basis of economic arguments that consider costs and benefits, usually based on monetary values.