11 - The Beatitudes

Introduction to the New Testament and the Gospels

  • Series Centered on the New Testament

  • Focus on the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

  • Hosts: Brent Taub (BYU Religious Education), Professors Camille Franck, Ray Huntington, and David Whitchurch from the Department of Ancient Scripture

Discussion Topic: The Sermon on the Mount

  • Setting: Matthew chapter 5

  • Background: Importance of context when discussing the Sermon on the Mount

Context of the Sermon

  • Jesus sees the multitude and ascends a mountain

    • Integral to the message—Mountain = Ascension to a higher understanding

  • Disciples (not the general multitude) approach Jesus for teachings

  • Contrast with the giving of the Law of Moses

    • Moses received a lower law on the mountain

    • Jesus presents a higher law, inviting followers to a deeper spiritual relationship

Purpose of the Sermon

  • Jesus teaches about perfection and righteousness

    • "Be perfect as your Father in Heaven is perfect"

    • Imagery of disciples ascending the mountain to develop a covenant relationship with Him

Disciples and Apostles

  • Distinction between Disciples and Apostles:

    • Inner circle of learners (disciples) vs. Apostles

  • Role of Apostles:

    • Training and empowerment to teach others

    • Introduction of a higher law, as opposed to the law for novices

  • Mention of 12 Apostles and possibly other key followers

Significance of the Beatitudes

  • Begins with “Blessed are the poor in spirit”

  • Definition of Beatitude: Derived from Latin beatus meaning fortunate, happy, or blessed

  • Reinterpretation of Beatitudes:

    • Each verse signifies a pathway to gain happiness through spiritual relationships

    • Example: “Fortunate are those who mourn” reflects spiritual growth and awareness

    • Key transition: Blessed condition is tied to coming unto Christ

The Role of the Spirit in Beatitudes

  • Emphasis on being poor in spirit being not just a lack but a recognition of need for Christ

  • Spiritual nourishment through the Holy Spirit and Christ’s teachings

Salt and Light Metaphors

  • Salt of the Earth:

    • Essential in diets historically (preservation and currency)

    • Culturally, used in sacrifices in the ancient covenant context

    • Metaphorical significance: Discipleship involves sharing knowledge and helping others grow spiritually

  • Light of the World:

    • Jesus as the ultimate light we reflect

    • Importance of pointing others toward Christ rather than seeking glory for oneself

Righteousness and the Higher Law

  • Jesus references “You have heard it said…” to contrast old law with new teachings

  • Purpose: Not to abolish the Law of Moses but to fulfill it and elevate understanding

    • Example: “Thou shalt not kill” vs. internal feelings of anger

    • True righteousness surpasses mere behavioral compliance

The Nature of Internal Righteousness

  • Changing Focus: From external acts to internal states of being

  • Emphasis on heart and intent rather than just actions

    • Importance of overcoming anger and fostering pure thoughts

Discussion on Divorce and Adultery

  • Jesus’ teachings uphold the sanctity of marriage and accountability in relationships

  • Cultural considerations in the context of gender roles during Jesus’ time

  • Variations in teachings among gospel authors based on audience and context

Summary of Chapter Five Themes

  • Jesus teaches a rigorous approach to internal integrity and external actions

  • Heartfelt obedience as opposed to mere compliance is key

  • Final Charge: "Be ye therefore perfect as your Father in Heaven is perfect"

    • Emphasizes lifelong commitment to Christ’s example and teachings in pursuit of internal goodness

Concluding Thoughts

  • Commentary on overall teachings of Christ throughout the Sermon on the Mount

  • Call to reflect true discipleship in character and actions, aligning with the essence of the higher law imparted.