Module 2 - Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources
Module 2: Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources
This module focuses on the content and contextual analysis of selected primary sources, emphasizing the text's content and historical importance, as well as examining the author's main argument and point of view. It covers nine primary accounts, including the documentary film "Raiders of the Sulu Sea" (CMO No. 2, s. 2019).
Learning Outcomes
Learned the historical facts and their connections with one another.
Analyzed the context, content, and perspective of different kinds of primary sources and determine how they affected the history of the Filipino people.
Described the brief background of the author.
Traced the historical background of the document.
Discussed the content and the important historical information found in the document.
Explained the contribution and relevance of the document in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history.
Demonstrated critical and analytical skills as they are exposed to primary sources.
Pre-Assessment
(A pre-assessment quiz is included to test the student's knowledge of the material. The answers are as follows based on the content of the module.)
d. Aguinaldo
c. Plasencia
a. Datu
b. Jacinto
c. Tejeros Conference
b. McCoy
c. Bautista
c. US Congress
c. Fort Pilar
b. Fernando Amorsolo
Chronological Order of Events
5 Arrival of Spanish Missionaries
2 Discovery of the Philippines
8 Observance of the Indigenous Customs
1 Founding of Katipunan
4 Writing of Kartilla
9 Tejeros Convention
10 Execution of Bonifacio
7 Declaration of Independence from Spain
3 Publication of Editorial Cartoons
6 Pres. Aquino delivered the Speech
Core Content
The following are the information on the accounts whose content and context are for you to analyze. These are as follows:
First Voyage Around the World
Author: Antonio Pigafetta
Source: utorontopress.com/us/first-voyage-around-the-world
Ferdinand Magellan: A Portuguese navigator who transferred allegiance to Spain, leading an expedition of five ships (San Antonio, Santiago, Concepcion, Victoria, Trinidad) with 237 men.
Departure: The expedition originated from Port Seville.
Discovery of the Philippines: Magellan sighted Samar on March 16, 1521, naming it the Archipelago of St. Lazarus.
Arrival in Cebu: Magellan befriended the chieftain and erected a cross.
Death in Mactan: Magellan was killed in Mactan by Lapulapu and his men.
Return to Spain: The ships Trinidad and Victoria left; Trinidad was confiscated by the Portuguese. Victoria completed the circumnavigation.
Antonio Pigafetta's Chronicle: Pigafetta, a crew member, wrote "Chronicles of Magellan Expedition," a narrative and cartographic record with 23 hand-drawn watercolor charts.
Significance: Pigafetta's account is a classic in discovery and exploration literature.
Guide Questions:
Who is Antonio Pigafetta?
What are the events that resulted in the writing of “First Voyage Around the World?
What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “First Voyage Around the World?”
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “First Voyage Around the World” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Customs of the Tagalogs
Author: Juan de Plasencia
Source: coursehero.com
Background: After Magellan's discovery, Villalobos' naming, and Legaspi's settlement, Spanish missionaries were sent, including Fr. Francisco Alcina (Visayas) and Fr. Juan de Plasencia (Tagalog Region).
Content: Plasencia recorded Tagalog customs in "The Customs of the Tagalogs."
Bayanihan Spirit: The custom of bayanihan (community spirit) is highlighted, especially during wakes, house transfers, weddings, etc.
Wake Practices: Shed made of bamboo, benches for condolers, food served to those staying with the family, and “abuloy” (financial support) are described.
Community Cooperation: Bayanihan is also seen in nipa hut construction/repair, house transfers, planting/harvesting, and preparing food for feasts.
Guide Questions:
Who is Juan de Plasencia?
What are the events that resulted in the writing of “Customs of the Tagalogs?”
What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document ““Customs of the Tagalogs?”
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document Customs of the Tagalogs” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Kartilla of the Katipunan
Author: Emilio Jacinto
Source: google.com
Reform Movement: Filipino middle-class in Europe formed the Reform Movement, advocating for assimilation (transformation of the Philippines into a Province of Spain).
La Solidaridad: The Reform movement's newspaper, where articles were published under pen names. Graciano Lopez Jaena was the first editor.
Del Pilar vs. Rizal: Marcelo H. del Pilar succeeded Jaena, leading to conflict with Jose Rizal over the aims of the movement.
La Liga Filipina: Rizal returned to Manila and founded La Liga Filipina on July 3, 1872, where Andres Bonifacio met Rizal.
Katipunan Founding: After Rizal's arrest and deportation, Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan on July 7, 1872, with the aim of rescuing Rizal.
Katipunan Objectives: Political (separation from Spain), Civic (self-reliance), and Moral (good manners).
Katipunan Structure: Supreme Council (national), Provincial Council (provincial), Popular Council (municipal).
Membership Grades: Katipon (lowest), Kawal, Bayani (highest).
Kartilla: The official teachings of the Katipunan, written by Emilio Jacinto as a primer for members, consisting of thirteen “teachings”.
Guide Questions:
Who is Emilio Jacinto?
What are the events that resulted in the writing of “ Kartilla of the Katipunan?”
What is the content of the document all about? What important historical information found in the document “ Kartilla of the Katipunan?”
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ Kartilla of the Katipunan” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Act of Declaration of Independence
Author: Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
Background: After Andres Bonifacio's death, Emilio Aguinaldo led the revolutionary forces.
Biak-na-Bato Republic: Aguinaldo established a republican government at Biak-na-Bato, Bulacan. The provisional constitution was copied from the Cuban constitution.
Pact of Biak-na-Bato: Pedro Paterno mediated an agreement between Aguinaldo and Gov. Primo de Rivera, with revolutionists voluntarily exiled and Spaniards paying Mexican pesos.
Aguinaldo's Exile in Hong Kong: Aguinaldo received a partial payment of and left for Hong Kong on December 27, 1897.
Failure of the Pact: The Biak-na-Bato Pact failed due to distrust, and clashes continued.
Meeting with Americans: Aguinaldo met Howard Bray in Singapore, who arranged an interview with American Consul Spencer Pratt. Pratt persuaded Aguinaldo to side with the Americans.
Return to the Philippines: Aguinaldo was advised to return to Hong Kong, where Consul Rounseville Wildman instructed him to go back to the Philippines.
Declaration of Independence: Aguinaldo declared Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite, under a Dictatorial Government.
Non-Recognition: The declaration was not recognized by the Family of Nations. Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States for in the Treaty of Paris.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista: Prepared and wrote the Act of the Declaration of Independence in Spanish.
Philippine National Flag: Designed by Emilio Aguinaldo and made by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncollo, and Delfina Herbosa.
Marcha Filipina Magdalo: Composed by Julian Felipe and played by the San Francisco de Malabon band.
Guide Questions:
Who is Ambrocio Rianzares Bautista?
What are the events that resulted in the writing of “Act of Declaration of Independence?”
What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Act of Declaration of Independence ?
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “Act of Declaration of Independence” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Political Caricatures of the American Era
Author: Alfred McCoy
Background: US troops entered Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.
Battle of Manila Bay: The Spanish fleet was defeated, leading to the U.S. Occupation of Manila.
Mock Battle: A Spanish-American Secret Agreement was made for a Mock Battle in Manila Bay, after which Spain ceded the Philippines to the Americans with the amount of 20million dollars in the “Treaty of Paris.”
Benevolent Assimilation Proclaimation: issued by Pres. William McKinley indicated that the Philippines was already under America.
Editorial Cartoons: Philippine political cartoons gained expression during the American era, reflecting national attitudes toward the Americans and the changing times.
Guide Questions:
Who is Alfred Mc Coy?
What are the events that resulted in the writing of “Political Caricatures of the American Era?”
What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Political Caricatures of the American Era?”
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “Political Caricatures of the American Erato understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Speech of Corazon Aquino Before the US Congress
Speaker: Corazon C. Aquino
Background: Ninoy Aquino's assassination on August 21, 1983, roused opposition against the Marcos government.
Snap Election: President Marcos called for a snap election on February 7, 1986, between Marcos and Corazon C. Aquino.
People Power Revolution: Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and Lt. Gen. Fidel V. Ramos withdrew support from Marcos on February 22, 1986, leading to the People Power Revolution.
Aquino's Inauguration: On February 25, 1986, Cory was inducted into office, and Marcos fled to Honolulu.
Reorganization of Government: Cory issued Proclamation No. 1, calling for courtesy resignations, and reorganized the government with Executive Order No. 1.
Revolutionary Government: Cory issued Proclamation No. 3, proclaiming her government a “revolutionary government,” suspending the 1973 Constitution.
Constitutional Commission: Cory issued Proclamation No. 9, creating a constitutional commission to draft a new charter.
Speech Before US Congress: On September 18, 1986, Corazon C. Aquino made a historic speech before the joint session of the US Congress.
Guide Questions:
Who is Corazon C. Aquino?
What are the events that resulted in the delivery of “ Speech of Corazon Aquino before the US Congress on September 18, 1986?”
What the content of the speech is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Speech of Corazon Aquino before the US Congress?”
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “Speech of Corazon Aquino before the US Congress” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Works of Luna and Amorsolo [Paintings]
Artists: Fernando Amorsolo and Juan Luna
Fernando Amorsolo:
Born on May 30, 1892, in Paco, Manila.
Known for rural sceneries and Philippine rural landscapes.
Notable Works:
Planting Rice with Mayon Volcano (1949)
Along the Mountain Trail
Rice Harvesting
The Making of the Philippine Flag
El Ciego (The Blind Man), 1929
Afternoon meal of the rice workers, 1951, oil in canvas. Won first price at the New York World’s Fair.
A Basket of Mangoes, oil on canvas, 1949
The Palay Maiden
Washing scene, 1953
Princess Urduja
Baguio
Landscape, 1951
Lavandera
Man with Cockerel
Market Scene
Old Spanish Church
Portrait of an Old Lady
Under the Arbor
Washing the Carabao
Water Carrier
Juan Luna:
Born on October 23, 1857, in Badoc, Ilocos Norte.
Influenced by his brother, Manuel.
Took lessons under Lorenzo Guerero and Agustin Saez.
Known for dramatic and dynamic works, romanticism and realism styles.
Notable Works:
Spoliarium, 1884
The Parisian Life, 1892
La Bulaquena, 1895
Governor Ramon Blanco, 1880's
Souvenir de 1899
Odalisque, 1885
Ensueños de Amor, 1890
El Pacto de Sangre (The Blood Compact), 1886
Damas Romanas, 1882
The Battle of Lepanto
Portrait of Rizal
Esopo
Mi Hermana
Tampuhan
Espana y Filipinas, 1886
La Muerte de Cleopatra, 1881
En el Balcon, 1884
Puesta Del Sol, 1880’s
La Marquesa de Monte Olivar, 1881
Guide Questions:
Who is Fernando Armosolo? Who is Juan Luna?
What are the events that resulted them to make such work of arts?
What the painting is all about? What important historical information found in their paintings?
What is/are the contribution and relevance of their works in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
Author: Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
Source: amazon.com
Content:
Memoir of the Revolution by Emilio Aguinaldo, who joined Andres Bonifacio's Katipunan in 1894.
Aguinaldo was a general and leader in Cavite.
Tension arose when Aguinaldo rigged elections and declared himself president, leading to Bonifacio's execution.
Aguinaldo went into exile in 1897 but returned with American forces in 1898.
He was recognized as the first president but became a rebel leader during the Filipino-American War.
Captured in 1901, he pledged allegiance to the American government.
Guide Questions:
Who is Emilio F. Aguinaldo?
What are the events that led him to record his Memoirs of the Revolution or Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan?”
What the content is all about? What important historical information found in the document “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan?”
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “ Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?
Raiders of the Sulu Sea
Authors: Icelle Gloria D. Borja- Estrada, et al
Content:
Historiographic Documentary film focusing on Zamboanga City and how the Spaniards defended the city with Fort Pilar.
Depicts Southeast Asian free trading and the impact of European colonization.
Focuses on slave raiding as retaliation against colonizers.
Highlights ancient maritime vessels and well-organized forces.
Discusses the fate of Panglima Taupan and his family, exiled to Cagayan.
Explains that Moros(Muslims) were the first colonizers of the Philippines and exploiters of the indigenous people and their natural resources.
Contributors:
Art Historian Icelle Gloria D. Borja- Estrada together with Dr. Samuel Tan and Margarita Cohuangco
Guide Questions:
Who is Icelle Gloria D. Borja- Estrada and her co authors?
What are the events that resulted to the making of this documentary film “Raiders of the Sulu Sea?”
What the content of the film is all about? What important historical information found in the document “Raiders of the Sulu Sea?”
What is/are the contribution and relevance of the document “Raiders of the Sulu Sea” in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history?