Health Science

Front: Who is known as the "Father of Medicine" and created an ethical oath for doctors?Back: Hippocrates (Created the Hippocratic Oath to establish ethical standards for physicians).Front: Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to capture photographic evidence of the DNA double helix?Back: Rosalind FranklinFront: Which English physician first described how the heart pumps blood through the circulatory system?Back: William HarveyFront: Who founded the American Red Cross?Back: Clara Barton (Memory trick: Barton \(\rightarrow \) Red Cross).Front: Which scientist studied congenital heart defects and helped develop the surgical treatment for "Blue Babies"?Back: Helen TaussigFront: What is the Apgar Score, and when is it calculated?Back: A quick newborn assessment developed by Virginia Apgar. It evaluates Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respirations at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth (Max score: 10).Front: Who invented the stethoscope using wooden tubes to listen to the chest?Back: René Laennec (Memory trick: Laennec \(\rightarrow \) Listening \(\rightarrow \) Stethoscope).Front: Which scientist developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax while studying germs?Back: Louis PasteurFront: Which Canadian physician helped discover insulin, a hormone from the pancreas?Back: Frederick Banting (Memory trick: Banting \(\rightarrow \) Blood sugar \(\rightarrow \) Insulin).Front: Who wrote Death and Dying, transforming how medicine handles end-of-life care?Back: Elisabeth Kübler-RossFront: Who is the founder of modern nursing who revolutionized military hygiene with clean linens, water, food, and environments?Back: Florence NightingaleFront: Who wrote the bestselling parenting book Baby & Child Care?Back: Benjamin SpockFront: Which researcher discovered that H. pylori bacteria cause stomach ulcers?Back: Barry Marshall (Memory trick: Marshall \(\rightarrow \) H. pylori \(\rightarrow \) Ulcers).Front: Who identified the first documented case of presenile dementia?Back: Alois AlzheimerFront: Which neurosurgeon is famous for separating conjoined twins and researching football-related brain injuries (associated with the movie Concussion)?Back: Ben CarsonFront: Which historical figure invented bifocals?Back: Benjamin FranklinFront: Who discovered the antibiotic penicillin?Back: Alexander Fleming (Memory trick: Fleming \(\rightarrow \) Penicillin).Front: Who was the first doctor to use antiseptic techniques to reduce infections during surgery?Back: Joseph Lister (Memory trick: Lister \(\rightarrow \) Less infection \(\rightarrow \) Antiseptic).Front: How did Ancient Egyptians learn about human anatomy?Back: Through the embalming process, performed by priests who served as medical doctors.Front: How did medical thinking shift during the Ancient Greek era?Back: Medicine moved away from supernatural explanations and toward observation and reasoning to find the causes of disease.Front: What public health infrastructure did the Ancient Romans build to supply clean water?Back: AqueductsFront: What happened to medical knowledge during the Dark Ages versus the Renaissance?Back:Dark Ages: Medical study declined and stopped in many areas.Renaissance: "Rebirth" of science; universities opened, and the printing press spread medical knowledge.Front: Which major pandemic occurred during the Middle Ages and devastated Europe and Asia?Back: The Bubonic Plague (Black Death).Front: Who improved microscopes and became the first person to observe microorganisms and bacteria?Back: Antony van LeeuwenhoekFront: Who created the smallpox vaccine by experimenting with cowpox?Back: Edward Jenner (Memory trick: Jenner \(\rightarrow \) Cowpox \(\rightarrow \) Smallpox).Front: Who discovered X-rays?Back: Wilhelm Roentgen